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質問 # 92
During discussions with the individual(s) managing the audit programme of a certification body, the EMS Manager of the client organisation asks that only one auditor be used for the audit duration to save on travel expenses.
Select two correct responses by the individual(s) managing the audit programme.
正解：A、E
解説：
Under ISO/IEC 17021-1 (Conformity assessment - Requirements for bodies providing audit and certification of management systems) and ISO 19011 Clause 5.4.4, the responsibility for determining audit team composition rests strictly with the individual(s) managing the audit programme.
Response C is correct because the certification body must maintain authority over selecting competent auditors who collectively cover all technical aspects and environmental aspects/impacts of the scope. The client organisation cannot unilaterally dictate team size or composition. Response D is correct because exploring ICT-based remote auditing methodologies (pursuant to IAF MD 4 and ISO 19011 Annex A.16) offers a legitimate mechanism to reduce travel costs without compromising the integrity, duration, or competence requirements of the audit plan.
Response A is incorrect because accepting a single auditor without considering technical scope coverage or competency requirements breaches accreditation standards. Response B is unprofessional and violates customer-focus principles. Response E is incorrect because audit logistics can be re-evaluated during planning stages. Response F is incorrect because programme managers already possess the delegated authority to structure audit teams and methods.
References: ISO/IEC 17021-1:2015 Clause 9.2.2 (Audit team selection and assignments), ISO 19011:2018 Clause 5.4.4 (Selecting audit team members), and CQI-IRCA ISO 14001 Lead Auditor Curriculum (Managing an Audit Programme).
質問 # 93
An audit team leader arrives at a steel fabrication organisation that manufactures fire escape stairs to carry out a Stage 2 certification audit. At a meeting with the EMS Manager, she is told that they have won their biggest contract from a construction organisation to manufacture and install fire escape stairs. They appointed a subcontractor to perform the installation work. The EMS Manager wants the ISO 14001 audit extended to cover the installation site.
Select which one of the options is the correct response by the auditor.
正解：A
解説：
According to ISO/IEC 17021-1:2015 Clause 9.3.1 and ISO 19011:2018 Clause 5.4.1:
Any change in scope requires formal review and approval through certification body's application process.
The auditor cannot unilaterally extend the scope during the audit.
The correct course of action is to inform the auditee that scope changes require an application process.
Reference: ISO/IEC 17021-1:2015 Clause 9.3.1; ISO 19011:2018 Clause 5.4.1.
質問 # 94
The Pressed Standard is a national dry cleaning and laundry organisation with 50 shops. You are conducting an EMS surveillance audit of the Head Office and are sampling environmental performance measurement.
You find that 80 per cent of failures to meet performance criteria originate from five shops in the same region.
Most of these failures relate to the release of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that exceeded regulations.
The Environmental Manager tells you that these are the oldest shops in the organisation. The cleaning equipment needs replacing, but the organisation cannot afford it at the moment.
On raising the matter with senior management, you are told that there are plans to replace the equipment in these shops over the next five years.
When reviewing the nonconformity report files, you find that the organisation is facing a legal dispute with the environmental authority over multiple breaches of environmental legislation.
Select the three best options for how this should be handled by the organisation through its EMS.
正解：B、G、H
解説：
In accordance with ISO 14001:2015, an organization must take proactive corrective action and maintain rigorous monitoring protocols when nonconformities or breaches of legal compliance obligations occur.
* Option B (Clause 9.1.1 Monitoring & Clause 9.1.2 Compliance Evaluation): Continual measurement and monitoring of VOC emissions are mandatory to evaluate performance and verify compliance with statutory regulatory limits, providing the necessary data for environmental management.
* Option C (Clause 10.2 Nonconformity and Corrective Action & Clause 7.4.3 External Communication): Demonstrating structured management commitment by communicating with environmental regulatory authorities and promising transparent, timely corrective actions aligns directly with ISO 14001 principles governing external communication and legal compliance management.
* Option D (Clause 8.1 Operational Control & Clause 6.1.2 Environmental Aspects): Exploring alternative operational controls, such as material substitution with lower VOC chemical solvents, directly mitigates the root cause of the environmental aspect and reduces environmental impacts without relying solely on expensive capital equipment replacements.
Irrelevant options such as offering health compensation, negotiating court settlements, or conducting fault- finding enquiries focus on legal liability or blame culture rather than standard EMS corrective action processes. Simply increasing maintenance on fundamentally obsolete equipment (Option H) fails to systematically address root-cause emissions or ensure legal compliance.
References: ISO 14001:2015 Clauses 6.1.3 (Compliance obligations), 7.4.3 (External communication), 8.1 (Operational planning and control), 9.1.1/9.1.2 (Monitoring and evaluation), 10.2 (Nonconformity and corrective action), and CQI-IRCA ISO 14001 Lead Auditor Curriculum (EMS Nonconformity and Corrective Action Management).
質問 # 95
As a third-party auditor, you are leading a surveillance audit of ABC, an organisation that designs and manufactures a wide range of electric home appliances.
The first interview of the audit is with the Design Manager (DM). This was not your original plan, but the DM had to leave ABC as soon as the interview was over, and you agreed to see her first.
You: Reviewing the list of significant environmental aspects, I did not see any related to the use of the products by customers or their final disposition.
DM: We identified those aspects, but when determining their significance, none of those aspects was significant. You can see here the related documented information.
Considering that you have just started the audit and would need to interview other ABC personnel, which six of the following issues would provide you with further information on the answer given by the Design Manager?
正解：D、E、G、I、J、K
解説：
In accordance with ISO 14001:2015 Clause 6.1.2 (Environmental aspects), when identifying environmental aspects and determining significance, an organization must consider a life-cycle perspective, including product use and end-of-life treatment.
To corroborate and investigate the Design Manager ' s assertion that product use and disposal aspects were determined non-significant, an auditor must pursue audit trails across related system processes:
* Applicable legal requirements (Option B): Check compliance obligations regarding product energy efficiency (e.g., Eco-design rules) or disposal directives (e.g., WEEE/RoHS).
* Provision of information to customers (Option D): Evaluate operational controls (Clause 8.1) regarding user instructions for energy use and end-of-life handling.
* Identification of requirements of interested parties (Option E): Examine customer and regulatory expectations regarding product footprint under Clause 4.2.
* Scope of the EMS (Option H): Verify under Clause 4.3 if product use and end-of-life life-cycle stages are included in system boundaries.
* End-of-life disposal by customers (Option J): Evaluate actual life-cycle considerations for product recycling, re-use, or hazardous material recovery.
* Criteria to assign significance to impacts (Option L): Inspect the evaluation methodology (Clause
6.1.2) to determine whether criteria were objectively and consistently applied.
General operational topics like internal audits, management reviews, safety committee minutes, or general roles do not provide direct evidence regarding product life-cycle significance determinations.
References: ISO 14001:2015 Clause 6.1.2 (Environmental aspects), Clause 8.1 (Operational planning and control), Annex A.6.1.2 (Life-cycle perspective), and CQI-IRCA ISO 14001 Lead Auditor Curriculum (Auditing Life-Cycle Aspects).
質問 # 96
An internal auditor of a manufacturer of aluminium products for the car industry raised a nonconformity against section 6.2.2 of ISO 14001 in Report IA202. The nonconformity (NC3) stated:
" Top management has not analysed why none of the environmental objectives set for the last year have been met. " A third-party auditor reviewing the internal audit process came across the nonconformity and found that no corrective action was documented. The EMS Manager confirmed no action had been taken, but added he expected a number of objectives to be achieved in the next three months, so there was no need for further action. He explained in confidence that the organisation was fighting a takeover bid and resources for environmental projects had been cut.
From the information, select three nonconformities that the auditor could raise to ISO 14001.
正解：D、F、H
解説：
In accordance with ISO 14001:2015, audit findings must reflect objective evidence demonstrating a failure to fulfill explicit standard requirements across system resources, objective management, and corrective action workflows.
* Option C (Clause 7.1 Resources): Top management is obligated under Clause 7.1 to determine and provide the resources necessary to establish, maintain, and continually improve the EMS. Arbitrarily withholding or cutting resources needed to achieve established environmental objectives constitutes a direct nonconformity against leadership resource provision.
* Option E (Clause 6.2.2 Planning actions to achieve environmental objectives): Clause 6.2.2 requires that planned actions to achieve objectives (including resource allocation, designated responsibilities, and target timelines) be executed. Failing to execute planned actions, resulting in none of the annual environmental targets being met, represents a clear operational nonconformity.
* Option F (Clause 10.2.a Nonconformity and corrective action): When an internal audit nonconformity (NC3) is formally raised, Clause 10.2 requires the organization to react, evaluate the need for action, and implement corrective actions to address the finding. Unilaterally deciding to take no documented corrective action violates Clause 10.2.a.
Options A, B, D, G, and H represent speculative, prescriptive, or invalid nonconformity statements that are not directly supported as standard nonconformity evidence in this scenario.
References: ISO 14001:2015 Clauses 6.2.2 (Planning actions to achieve environmental objectives), 7.1 (Resources), 10.2 (Nonconformity and corrective action), and CQI-IRCA ISO 14001 Lead Auditor Curriculum (Grading Nonconformities and Corrective Action Verification).
質問 # 97
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