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| Section | Objectives |
|---|---|
| Audit Reporting and Follow-up | - Audit report preparation - Nonconformity identification and classification - Corrective actions and follow-up audits |
| Audit Planning and Preparation | - Document review and checklist preparation - Audit program and audit plan development |
| Audit Principles and Standards | - Audit principles, ethics, and auditor competencies - ISO 19011 guidelines for auditing management systems |
| Environmental Management Systems (EMS) Principles | - Fundamental EMS concepts and terminology - ISO 14001 structure and PDCA model - Context of the organization and interested parties |
| ISO 14001 Requirements | - Support and operational control - Planning (risks, opportunities, environmental aspects) - Leadership and environmental policy - Performance evaluation and continual improvement |
| Audit Execution | - Collecting and verifying audit evidence - Opening meeting and audit communication - Interview techniques and sampling methods |
>> ISO-14001-Lead-Auditor学習範囲 <<
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質問 # 84
A key audit process is the way auditors gather information and determine the findings ' characteristics. Put the actions in the correct order to complete this process.
正解：
解説：
Explanation:
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This sequence is derived from ISO 19011:2018 - Guidelines for Auditing Management Systems, which is used in conjunction with ISO 14001:2015 by auditors. Specifically, the audit process steps during the " conducting the audit " phase include:
Determining the source of information (Clause 6.4.5): Includes documents, interviews, records, and observations.
Collecting data by sampling (Clause 6.4.6): Sampling helps in managing resources and gathering relevant evidence effectively.
Gathering audit evidence (Clause 3.8): Audit evidence is the data collected and verified to support findings.
Evaluating against audit criteria (Clause 3.9): Evidence must be evaluated against standards such as ISO
14001 requirements, internal policies, etc.
Developing audit findings (Clause 6.4.9): Conclusions regarding conformance, nonconformance, and opportunities for improvement.
Review of findings (Clause 6.4.10): Cross-verification and validation before finalizing results.
Audit conclusions (Clause 6.4.11): Final statements summarizing the audit based on findings.
This structured process ensures audits are performed impartially, with verifiable, evidence-based outcomes that contribute to continual improvement.
Reference:
ISO 19011:2018, Clauses 6.4.5 to 6.4.11
ISO 14001:2015, Clause 9.2 - Internal audit requirements
質問 # 85
An audit team leader arrives at a steel fabrication organisation that manufactures fire escape stairs to carry out a Stage 2 certification audit. At a meeting with the EMS Manager, she is told that they have won their biggest contract from a construction organisation to manufacture and install fire escape stairs. They appointed a subcontractor to perform the installation work. The EMS Manager wants the ISO 14001 audit extended to cover the installation site.
Select which one of the options is the correct response by the auditor.
正解：D
解説：
According to ISO/IEC 17021-1:2015 Clause 9.3.1 and ISO 19011:2018 Clause 5.4.1:
Any change in scope requires formal review and approval through certification body's application process.
The auditor cannot unilaterally extend the scope during the audit.
The correct course of action is to inform the auditee that scope changes require an application process.
Reference: ISO/IEC 17021-1:2015 Clause 9.3.1; ISO 19011:2018 Clause 5.4.1.
質問 # 86
You are the audit team leader of a third-party initial certification audit to ISO 14001 for two days of audit.
This is the first time you lead an audit, and a second member of the team is a qualified audit team leader who will evaluate your performance as the audit team leader.
During lunch on the second day, you are informed that the second member of the audit team will have to leave the audit due to personal problems but could return the following day.
What would you do? Select the best two options.
正解：A、E
解説：
The best actions are F and A .
F). Urgently contact the certification body and explain the situation - Correct This is the first and most important action. In a third-party certification audit, the certification body controls the audit programme, audit team appointment, audit duration, audit competence, and certification process. If a team member leaves unexpectedly, especially where that person is also evaluating a first-time audit team leader, the certification body must be informed immediately so it can decide how the audit should proceed.
A). Ask the auditee if they could accept to extend the audit till the following day - Correct Because the second auditor could return the next day, extending the audit is a practical solution, provided the certification body agrees. This helps ensure the planned audit activities, required audit time, audit team competence, and evaluation of the audit team leader can still be completed properly.
The other options are not the best responses:
B is too extreme. The audit does not need to be cancelled immediately if it can be completed by adjusting the plan with certification body approval.
C is not appropriate without certification body approval, because continuing alone may reduce planned audit coverage and affect audit team competence or required audit duration.
D is not sufficient because the auditee cannot decide whether the certification audit can continue with a changed audit team.
E is less suitable than F because you should first explain the full situation to the certification body. The certification body may then decide whether a replacement audit team leader is needed, whether the audit should be extended, or whether another action is required.
Therefore, the correct selected options are A and F .
質問 # 87
An auditor from the headquarters of a large international chemical organisation is auditing a branch located along the bank of a river. During the opening meeting, the General Manager explained that 10 minutes before, the local environmental authority had sent an email informing that the organisation had been fined due to very high values of BOD and COD measured downstream. The General Manager said they are quite confident in solving the problem, as explained by their external compliance consultant. The auditor visited the laboratory and did not find any potential deviation. A competitor just built a plant across the river.
Match the following issues with the relevant ISO 14001 clause.
正解：
解説：
Explanation:
* Laboratory data analysis: 9.1.1
* External compliance consultant: 7.2
* Waste discharge as an environmental aspect: 6.1.2
* Use of the applicable regulation: 6.1.3
* A new plant across the river: 4.1
* Water treatment plant operational control: 8.1
* Communication with the new plant: 7.4
* Compliance with regulations: 9.1.2
In accordance with ISO 14001:2015, audit trails must be evaluated against their corresponding standard requirements.
Evaluating external factors such as the competitor's new plant across the river relates directly to understanding the organization and its context (Clause 4.1). Identifying waste discharge into the river aligns with identifying environmental aspects and associated impacts (Clause 6.1.2), while determining relevant legal standards for discharge represents determining compliance obligations (Clause 6.1.3). Evaluating the competence of external advisors, such as the compliance consultant, falls under competence requirements (Clause 7.2). External interactions or dialogue regarding shared environmental conditions fall under communication processes (Clause 7.4).
Operationally, managing water treatment operations to ensure effluent compliance represents operational planning and control (Clause 8.1). Monitoring and analyzing laboratory sampling data corresponds to monitoring, measurement, analysis, and evaluation (Clause 9.1.1). Finally, evaluating actual compliance status relative to environmental fine notifications and legal limits requires evaluating compliance (Clause
9.1.2).
References: ISO 14001:2015 Clauses 4.1, 6.1.2, 6.1.3, 7.2, 7.4, 8.1, 9.1.1, 9.1.2, and CQI-IRCA ISO 14001 Lead Auditor Curriculum (EMS Requirements and Audit Trail Mapping).
質問 # 88
A chemical organisation has a plant at which they have to clean several vessels 4-5 times per day, and during the process, they release for 5-10 minutes some water vapor with a strong acid smell.
You are the audit team leader and are auditing the plant, as part of a second-stage initial certification audit.
When auditing the environmental aspects register, you see that the emission of that acid vapor has not been evaluated as a significant aspect. You raise a nonconformity.
At the closing meeting, only two people are present: the Health & Safety supervisor and a sales analyst, neither of whom has participated in the audit.
You: Good evening, could you please inform the managers that we are ready to start with the closing meeting?
H & S Supervisor: Good evening. We are sorry to inform you that the Sales Manager was involved in a serious car accident, and the General Manager and the Environmental Manager have had to leave urgently to attend the emergency.
Sales Analyst: They have asked us to listen to what you need to say and to sign whatever we need to sign.
However, the Environmental Manager said that he will not accept the nonconformity related to the acid smell and requests you not to include it in the audit report. Here is a note in which he explains why.
Which one of the following would be your preferred response to the final comment made by the Sales Analyst?
正解：B
解説：
In accordance with ISO 19011:2018 Clause 6.4.9 (Conducting the closing meeting) and ISO/IEC 17021-1 Clause 9.4.7, the lead auditor is responsible for presenting audit conclusions and findings clearly. When diverging opinions or objections arise regarding an audit finding, the audit team leader must attempt to resolve the disagreement based on objective evidence; if unresolved, the auditee ' s objection or dissenting opinion must be explicitly documented within the final audit report.
Option D is correct because the lead auditor must maintain audit independence, uphold the evidence-based finding, and fulfill reporting requirements by including the nonconformity in the final audit report while formally noting the Environmental Manager ' s written concern or objection.
Option A is incorrect because delaying the formal presentation or audit reporting workflow to seek informal phone calls undermines established closing meeting procedures. Option B is incorrect because compromising or altering nonconformity wording without new objective evidence violates audit integrity principles. Option C is incorrect because the audit team leader possesses the delegated authority to finalize audit findings without suspending the audit process to seek instructions from certification body management.
References: ISO 19011:2018 Clause 6.4.9 (Closing meeting), ISO/IEC 17021-1:2015 Clause 9.4.7 (Audit report content), and CQI-IRCA ISO 14001 Lead Auditor Curriculum (Closing Meeting Protocols and Unresolved Disputes).
質問 # 89
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