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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Topic 1: Ethical and Sustainable Procurement | 15-20% | - Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) - Supply chain transparency - Environmental sustainability in procurement - Ethical sourcing considerations - Modern slavery and fair trade |
| Topic 2: Procurement Process and Procedures | 25-30% | - Requirements gathering and specification - Procurement cycle stages - Contract award criteria - Supplier selection methods - Purchase ordering and goods receipt |
| Topic 3: Supplier Relationship Management | 20-25% | - Supplier development and improvement - Risk management in supplier relationships - Supplier performance measurement (KPI, scorecards) - Supplier relationship types - Partnership and collaboration models |
| Topic 4: Practical Application Scenarios | 15-20% | - Recommendation and justification skills - Problem-solving and decision-making - Applying theory to real-world procurement situations - Case study analysis |
| Topic 5: Strategic Sourcing and Category Management | 20-25% | - Strategic sourcing process - Category segmentation - Spend analysis techniques - Supplier segmentation and criticality analysis |
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NEW QUESTION # 163
What is Decommissioning?
Answer:
Explanation:
See the answer in explanation.
Explanation:
When a fixed asset reaches the end of its life, it requires decommissioning before reconditioning or disposal.
Decommissioning is to observe all the safety measures and technical procedures and stop active machinery or an asset from operation (example; gas plant, power generator, transformer etc.
Decommissioning process include the following aspect
1) Preparation: Plan the process
2) Dismantle: Take the asset apart and remove hazardous waste
3) Processing: make safe any hazardous waste
4) Disposal: Ensure paper work is received to confirm removal and disposal
NEW QUESTION # 164
Explain FIVE Environmental. Social and Governance (ESG) considerations for TechSpark Global when developing its sourcing approach for the new mineral.
(25 marks)
TechSpark Global
TechSpark Global (TSG) is a global consumer electronics company. It supplies 80 markets across four global regions. It supplies directly to electronic goods retailers.
TSG's unique selling point is its strong commitment to sustainable and ethical manufacturing, and sourcing practices in the electronics sector.
TSG has recently identified a new high-efficiency rare earth mineral which significantly improves the performance and lifespan of solar panels. TSG intends to use this new mineral as the basis for a new product range of solar-powered portable chargers.
Potential strong consumer demand exists for these eco-friendly and high-performance chargers, and TSG anticipates fast market growth for the new product. However, the company is conscious that the new mineral's supply base is primarily in countries where ESG issues arise. These issues include labour rights and conditions, environmental degradation due to mining practices, and the safety regulations of mineral processing plants which may also be problematic.
Answer:
Explanation:
See the answer in explanation.below.
Explanation:
4.4 Explain FIVE Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) considerations for TechSpark Global when developing its sourcing approach for the new mineral. (25 marks) When developing its sourcing approach for the new mineral, TechSpark Global (TSG) must consider ESG risks carefully because the supply base is mainly in countries where labour, environmental and safety issues are known to arise. This is especially important because TSG's brand is built on sustainable and ethical manufacturing and sourcing . OECD guidance for mineral supply chains says companies should use risk- based due diligence to identify, prevent and mitigate adverse impacts linked to mineral sourcing, while ISO
20400 says sustainability should be integrated into procurement decisions and processes.
1. Environmental damage from mining and processing
The first consideration is the environmental impact of extracting and processing the new mineral. The case already highlights possible environmental degradation, and this could include land damage, biodiversity loss, water pollution, waste generation and harmful emissions from mining and mineral processing. TSG should therefore assess whether suppliers have effective environmental controls, permits, remediation plans and monitoring systems in place. This matters because the final product may be marketed as eco-friendly, but that claim would be undermined if the raw material is sourced through environmentally harmful practices. OECD' s environmental due diligence guidance for mineral supply chains specifically addresses these kinds of environmental risks.
2. Labour rights and working conditions
The second consideration is labour standards across the supply chain. The case states that labour rights and conditions may be problematic in the source countries, so TSG should assess risks such as forced labour, child labour, excessive working hours, low wages, discrimination and unsafe working conditions. This is a major issue in mineral sourcing because OECD guidance identifies serious human rights abuses, including the worst forms of child labour and forced labour, as risks that companies should not tolerate or contribute to through their sourcing decisions. TSG should therefore require labour due diligence, supplier codes of conduct, audits and corrective action plans.
3. Health and safety in mines and processing plants
A third ESG consideration is worker health and safety. The case specifically mentions concerns about the safety regulations of mineral processing plants, which means TSG should assess whether mines and processors have adequate safety controls, training, equipment, emergency procedures and incident reporting.
This is important because poor health and safety standards can lead to injuries, fatalities, production disruption and severe reputational harm for TSG. In practice, if TSG ignores safety conditions at supplier sites, it could damage the company's ethical reputation even if the final product performs well. OECD responsible business conduct guidance covers human rights and labour-related harms in supply chains, including occupational risks that companies should address through due diligence.
4. Governance, transparency and anti-corruption
The fourth consideration is governance in the supply chain. In mineral sourcing, governance risks can include bribery, weak traceability, opaque intermediaries, financial crime and poor disclosure of source locations or business relationships. OECD's mineral guidance says companies should avoid contributing to conflict, serious human rights impacts and financial crime through their mineral sourcing practices. Therefore, TSG should build strong governance controls into its sourcing approach, such as supply chain traceability, supplier declarations, contract clauses, audits and escalation procedures. Good governance is essential because TSG operates across 80 markets, so any scandal involving corruption or opaque sourcing could quickly become a global brand issue.
5. Ongoing due diligence and supplier monitoring
The fifth consideration is that ESG should not be treated as a one-off supplier selection issue. TSG should develop an ongoing monitoring approach that includes risk assessment, supplier segmentation, performance reviews, grievance mechanisms and remediation where problems are found. OECD guidance for responsible business conduct says companies should carry out risk-based due diligence to assess and address actual and potential negative impacts in their operations, supply chains and business relationships. ISO 20400 also emphasises embedding sustainability throughout procurement rather than treating it as a separate issue. This is important for TSG because fast market growth could create pressure to source quickly, but that increases the risk of overlooking ESG failures unless monitoring is continuous.
Conclusion
In conclusion, TSG should consider five main ESG issues when sourcing the new mineral: environmental damage, labour rights, health and safety, governance and transparency, and ongoing due diligence and monitoring . These considerations are essential because the company's commercial opportunity depends not only on product performance, but also on maintaining its reputation for ethical and sustainable sourcing. A sourcing approach that ignores these ESG issues could expose TSG to reputational, legal and supply risks across multiple global markets.
NEW QUESTION # 165
Which contract term contains details of when a product or service should be delivered and ex-plained the potential loss of business?
Answer:
Explanation:
See the answer in explanation.
Explanation:
Contract terms are the right and duties agreed between parties with which are then documented in contract.
Terms can be either implied or expression.
Implied terms are always present in a contract and are set by national laws; like the sales of goods act, whereas express terms are negotiated and created, for example; time is of the essence. When the procurement professional is setting key performance indicators, where which the supplier's performance will be monitored and managed, the KPI is expected to be SMART. The SMART is an acronym that is used to set KPI and specification. It means:
Specific
Measurable
Achievable
Relevant
Time bound
NEW QUESTION # 166
Describe three types of fraud that could occur within the supply chain of an organization with which you are familiar.
Answer:
Explanation:
Fraud occurs when a person acts deliberately to secure monies from another party through dishonest method.
Within the supply chain of an organization, fraud can represent itself in the following ways:
1. Kickbacks: e.g. (commission given to a bribe taker for service perform)
2. Corrupt influence (e.g ordering more than what is required)
3. Collusion: (group of suppliers working together to submit multiple bids and split profit.
4. Bid Rigging (a contract is informally agreed with a chosen supplier prior to the official process
5. invoicing fraud
6. Substitution (submitting products that are below the required quality
7. False claims (files false document)
Case Study
A series of news stories reporting events such as the collapse of the Rana Plaza building in 2013 have drawn attention to the poor conditions in garment factories across India and South East Asia. Human rights groups have long be critical of the excessive hours and poor wages workers are forced to endure, as well as the abuse they receive from supervisor. With consumers becoming increasingly aware of these conditions, more pressure is being put on global brands and retailers to ensure their supply chains are fair and ethical.
Certain areas have been notorious for the mistreatment of workers. In India's textile valley', young women are been bound into contracts where they work for two to three years, in exchange for a lump sum of money that they can then put towards a dowry. This is known as the 'Sumangali [a married woman] Thittam' scheme. These women are forced to live in hostels under restrictions that prevent them from moving, and are denied the opportunity to improve their living conditions. Retailers including Walmart and H & M are known to source garments from factories in the 'textile valley'.
Reports by organizations including the Asia Floor Wage Alliance (AFWA), Central Combodia, Global Labor Justice, Sedane Labour Resource Centre (LIPS) Indonesia, and Society for Labour and Development (SLD) India have exposed unethically run factories that supply garments to H & M, Gap and Walmart. However, retailers will continue to benefit from expensive labour until mounting customers pressure causes them to change.
NEW QUESTION # 167
Describe three types of fraud that could occur within the supply chain of an organization with which you are familiar.
Answer:
Explanation:
Fraud occurs when a person acts deliberately to secure monies from another party through dishonest method. Within the supply chain of an organization, fraud can represent itself in the following ways:
1. Kickbacks: e.g. (commission given to a bribe taker for service perform)
2. Corrupt influence (e.g ordering more than what is required)
3. Collusion: (group of suppliers working together to submit multiple bids and split profit.
4. Bid Rigging (a contract is informally agreed with a chosen supplier prior to the official process
5. invoicing fraud
6. Substitution (submitting products that are below the required quality
7. False claims (files false document)
Case Study
A series of news stories reporting events such as the collapse of the Rana Plaza building in 2013 have drawn attention to the poor conditions in garment factories across India and South East Asi a. Human rights groups have long be critical of the excessive hours and poor wages workers are forced to endure, as well as the abuse they receive from supervisor. With consumers becoming increasingly aware of these conditions, more pressure is being put on global brands and retailers to ensure their supply chains are fair and ethical.
Certain areas have been notorious for the mistreatment of workers. In India's textile valley', young women are been bound into contracts where they work for two to three years, in exchange for a lump sum of money that they can then put towards a dowry. This is known as the 'Sumangali [a married woman] Thittam' scheme. These women are forced to live in hostels under restrictions that prevent them from moving, and are denied the opportunity to improve their living conditions. Retailers including Walmart and H&M are known to source garments from factories in the 'textile valley'.
Reports by organizations including the Asia Floor Wage Alliance (AFWA), Central Combodia, Global Labor Justice, Sedane Labour Resource Centre (LIPS) Indonesia, and Society for Labour and Development (SLD) India have exposed unethically run factories that supply garments to H&M, Gap and Walmart. However, retailers will continue to benefit from expensive labour until mounting customers pressure causes them to change.
NEW QUESTION # 168
......
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