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| Section | Objectives |
|---|---|
| Topic 1: Web and Application Security | - Web application hacking techniques |
| Topic 2: Network Attacks | - Denial of Service (DoS/DDoS) - Sniffing and session hijacking |
| Topic 3: Reconnaissance Techniques | - Scanning networks and enumeration - Footprinting and information gathering |
| Topic 4: System Hacking | - Malware threats and system exploitation - Gaining access and privilege escalation |
| Topic 5: Introduction to Ethical Hacking | - Ethical hacking concepts and methodology |
| Topic 6: Cryptography | - Encryption, hashing, and cryptanalysis |
| Topic 7: Cloud and IoT Security | - IoT security fundamentals - Cloud computing security concepts |
| Topic 8: Wireless and Mobile Security | - Wireless network attacks - Mobile platform vulnerabilities |
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NEW QUESTION # 196
Within the context of Computer Security, which of the following statements describes Social Engineering best?
Answer: C
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation:
Social engineering is a psychological manipulation technique used by attackers to trick individuals into divulging confidential or personal information that may be used for fraudulent purposes.
It relies on human interaction and may involve tactics such as:
* Impersonation
* Pretexting
* Phishing
* Baiting
Rather than attacking systems directly, attackers exploit human trust and error.
From CEH v13 Courseware:
* Module 7: Social Engineering
Reference:CEH v13 Study Guide - Module 7: Human-Based and Computer-Based Social Engineering
NEW QUESTION # 197
Under the neon glow of Seattle's skyline, ethical hacker Elena Vasquez slips into her role as a cybersecurity consultant for Cascade Financial's online banking platform. Tasked with probing the web server's defenses, Elena simulates a series of rapid login attempts to the admin portal. She notes that the system allows unlimited tries without locking the account, exposing a gap that could invite relentless password-guessing attacks. Determined to safeguard the bank's assets, Elena drafts a recommendation to fortify the server's authentication process against such threats.
What countermeasure should Elena recommend to strengthen Cascade Financial's web server against the vulnerability identified?
Answer: C
Explanation:
The weakness described is a classic online password-guessing condition: the application permits unlimited authentication attempts without any throttling, lockout, or challenge mechanism. In CEH guidance, this exposure enables brute-force attacks and automated credential stuffing, where attackers rapidly test many passwords or reused credential pairs until successful. A practical and commonly recommended control at the web application layer is adding CAPTCHA challenges to the login workflow, especially after a small number of failed attempts or when anomalous behavior is detected. CAPTCHA increases the cost of automation by forcing human interaction, directly disrupting high-speed scripted guessing against the admin portal.
While implementing MFA is an excellent additional safeguard and is strongly encouraged for privileged access, the question asks for the best countermeasure to address the specific issue of unlimited rapid attempts.
CAPTCHA is a direct mitigation for automated login abuse, and CEH commonly pairs it with rate limiting, progressive delays, and account lockout policies. Periodic password changes do not prevent an attacker from guessing a password today, and CEH materials note that forced rotation can even reduce security if it drives predictable password patterns. Strong password hashing such as bcrypt, scrypt, or Argon2 is critical for protecting stored passwords if a database is compromised, but it does not stop online guessing against the login form itself. Therefore, the most fitting countermeasure for the identified vulnerability is using CAPTCHA challenges on login and registration pages, ideally combined with throttling and lockout for stronger defense in depth
NEW QUESTION # 198
What does an ACK scan mainly identify?
Answer: D
Explanation:
The correct answer is B because an ACK scan is mainly used to determine firewall filtering rules, not to identify services or directly confirm open and closed ports. In CEH scanning methodology, an ACK scan sends TCP packets with only the ACK flag set and analyzes how the target or intermediate firewall responds.
CEH material states that ACK probe scanning helps identify filtering systems: if an RST packet is returned, packets to that port are not being filtered; if there is no response, a stateful firewall is likely filtering the packet. Another CEH exam-focused reference similarly notes that ACK probes check filtering at the remote end; no response indicates a stateful firewall between the attacker and host, while an RST response indicates there is not. Services are better identified through version detection or banner grabbing, while open ports are commonly identified with SYN or TCP connect scans. Therefore, the best CEH answer is firewall rules.
NEW QUESTION # 199
An ethical hacker is hired to conduct a comprehensive network scan of a large organization that strongly suspects potential intrusions into their internal systems. The hacker decides to employ a combination of scanning tools to obtain a detailed understanding of the network. Which sequence of actions would provide the most comprehensive information about the network's status?
Answer: B
Explanation:
The sequence of actions that would provide the most comprehensive information about the network's status is to use Hping3 for an ICMP ping scan on the entire subnet, then use Nmap for a SYN scan on identified active hosts, and finally use Metasploit to exploit identified vulnerabilities. This sequence of actions works as follows:
* Use Hping3 for an ICMP ping scan on the entire subnet: This action is used to discover the active hosts on the network by sending ICMP echo request packets to each possible IP address on the subnet and waiting for ICMP echo reply packets from the hosts. Hping3 is a command-line tool that can craft and send custom packets, such as TCP, UDP, or ICMP, and analyze the responses. By using Hping3 for an ICMP ping scan, the hacker can quickly and efficiently identify the live hosts on the network, as well as their response times and packet loss rates12.
* Use Nmap for a SYN scan on identified active hosts: This action is used to scan the open ports and services on the active hosts by sending TCP SYN packets to a range of ports and analyzing the TCP responses. Nmap is a popular and powerful tool that can perform various types of network scans, such as port scanning, service detection, OS detection, and vulnerability scanning. By using Nmap for a SYN scan, the hacker can determine the state of the ports on the active hosts, such as open, closed, filtered, or unfiltered, as well as the services and protocols running on them. A SYN scan is also known as a stealth scan, as it does not complete the TCP three-way handshake and thus avoids logging on the target system34.
* Use Metasploit to exploit identified vulnerabilities: This action is used to exploit the vulnerabilities on the active hosts by using pre-built or custom modules that leverage the open ports and services.
Metasploit is a framework that contains a collection of tools and modules for penetration testing and exploitation. By using Metasploit, the hacker can launch various attacks on the active hosts, such as remote code execution, privilege escalation, or backdoor installation, and gain access to the target system or data. Metasploit can also be used to perform post-exploitation tasks, such as gathering information, maintaining persistence, or pivoting to other systems .
The other options are not as comprehensive as option B for the following reasons:
* A. Initiate with Nmap for a ping sweep, then use Metasploit to scan for open ports and services, and finally use Hping3 to perform remote OS fingerprinting: This option is not optimal because it does not use the tools in the most efficient and effective way. Nmap can perform a ping sweep, but it is slower and less flexible than Hping3, which can craft and send custom packets. Metasploit can scan for open ports and services, but it is more suitable for exploitation than scanning, and it relies on Nmap for port scanning anyway. Hping3 can perform remote OS fingerprinting, but it is less accurate and reliable than Nmap, which can use various techniques and probes to determine the OS type and version13 .
* C. Start with Hping3 for a UDP scan on random ports, then use Nmap for a version detection scan, and finally use Metasploit to exploit detected vulnerabilities: This option is not effective because it does not use the best scanning methods and techniques. Hping3 can perform a UDP scan, but it is slower and less reliable than a TCP scan, as UDP is a connectionless protocol that does not always generate responses. Scanning random ports is also inefficient and incomplete, as it may miss important ports or services. Nmap can perform a version detection scan, but it is more useful to perform a port scan first, as it can narrow down the scope and speed up the scan. Metasploit can exploit detected vulnerabilities, but it is not clear how the hacker can identify the vulnerabilities without performing a vulnerability scan first13 .
* D. Begin with NetScanTools Pro for a general network scan, then use Nmap for OS detection and version detection, and finally perform an SYN flooding with Hping3: This option is not comprehensive because it does not cover all the aspects and objectives of a network scan. NetScanTools Pro is a graphical tool that can perform various network tasks, such as ping, traceroute, DNS lookup, or port scan, but it is less powerful and versatile than Nmap or Hping3, which can perform more advanced and customized scans. Nmap can perform OS detection and version detection, but it is more useful to perform a port scan first, as it can provide more information and insights into the target system. Performing an SYN flooding with Hping3 is not a network scan, but a denial-of-service attack, which can disrupt the network and alert the target system, and it is not an ethical or legal action for a hired hacker13 .
References:
* 1: Hping - Wikipedia
* 2: Hping3 Examples - NetworkProGuide
* 3: Nmap - Wikipedia
* 4: Nmap Tutorial: From Discovery to Exploits - Part 1: Introduction to Nmap | HackerTarget.com
* : Metasploit Project - Wikipedia
* : Metasploit Unleashed - Offensive Security
* : NetScanTools Pro - Northwest Performance Software, Inc.
NEW QUESTION # 200
Matthew, a black hat, has managed to open a meterpreter session to one of the kiosk machines in Evil Corp's lobby. He checks his current SID, which is S-1-5-21-1223352397-1872883824-861252104-501. What needs to happen before Matthew has full administrator access?
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 201
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