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| Section | Objectives |
|---|---|
| Motivation and Performance | - Goal setting and performance management - Motivation theories (Maslow, Herzberg, McClelland, Expectancy theory) |
| Human Resource and Workplace Behavior | - Recruitment, selection, and onboarding concepts - Performance evaluation and feedback systems |
| Teams and Group Dynamics | - Group decision-making and conflict resolution - Team formation and development stages |
| Organizational Structure and Culture | - Organizational design and structure types - Organizational culture and change |
| Ethics and Organizational Responsibility | - Ethical decision making in organizations - Corporate social responsibility |
| Foundations of Organizational Behavior | - Individual behavior in organizations - Definition and scope of organizational behavior - Work attitudes and job satisfaction |
| Leadership and Management | - Leadership styles and theories - Power, influence, and authority |
| Communication and Decision Making | - Organizational communication processes - Decision-making models and biases |
>> Organizational-Behavior퍼펙트 인증공부 <<
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질문 # 21
Employee A noticed that Employee B was late for work, and A's perception of why B was late will determine what action A takes in this situation. Considering attribution theory, which factors will determine A's perception regarding whether B's behavior was internally or externally caused?
정답：C
설명：
Attribution theory is a cornerstone of social perception in the workplace, explaining how we judge people differently depending on what meaning we attribute to a given behavior. When we observe an individual's behavior, we attempt to determine whether it was internally caused (under the person's control) or externally caused (forced by the situation). According to Harold Kelley's model, this determination depends on three specific factors: distinctiveness, consensus, and consistency.
Distinctivenessrefers to whether an individual displays different behaviors in different situations. If Employee B is late for work but is generally reliable in all other tasks, the behavior has high distinctiveness, suggesting an external cause (like a traffic jam).Consensusoccurs if everyone who faces a similar situation responds in the same way. If every employee who took the same route as Employee B was also late, consensus is high, pointing to an external cause.Consistencylooks at whether the person responds the same way over time. If Employee B is late every single day, consistency is high, which usually leads the observer to attribute the behavior to internal causes (like a lack of discipline). By analyzing these three dimensions, Employee A forms a perception that dictates their reaction-whether that be empathy for a one-time external delay or disciplinary action for a recurring internal habit.
질문 # 22
An employee is motivated by economic success, well-being, world peace, and autonomy and self-reliance in the workplace. Which of the employee's motives is an instrumental value?
정답：A
설명：
In Organizational Behavior, values are often classified using the Rokeach Value Survey, which distinguishes betweenTerminal ValuesandInstrumental Values. Terminal values represent the ultimate goals or "end- states" an individual hopes to achieve, such as prosperity (economic success), well-being, and world peace.
These are the destinations toward which a person works. In contrast, instrumental values are the "modes of conduct" or the means by which one achieves those terminal goals.
In this specific scenario, "autonomy and self-reliance" are categorized as instrumental values because they describe the behavioral methods an employee uses to navigate the workplace and eventually reach their terminal goals, such as economic success or personal well-being. For example, an employee might use autonomy (an instrumental value) as a tool to gain the efficiency required to achieve prosperity (a terminal value). Understanding this distinction is vital for managers because while terminal values tell us what the employee wants to achieve, instrumental values tell us how they prefer to behave in order to get there.
Autonomy and self-reliance are practical approaches to work life rather than the final life-goals themselves, thus fitting the definition of instrumental values perfectly.
질문 # 23
Three employees meet face-to-face to identify a problem and resolve it through open discussion. Which type of conflict resolution technique is this?
정답：A
설명：
Image of Conflict Management Grid
Conflict is an inherent part of group dynamics, and how it is managed determines whether the outcome is functional or dysfunctional. The scenario describes aProblem Solvingapproach (also known as collaborating or confronting). In this technique, the parties involved meet face-to-face with the explicit intent of identifying the underlying problem and resolving it through open, honest discussion. Unlike other methods that might avoid the issue or seek a quick "middle ground," problem solving seeks a "win-win" solution where the concerns of all parties are fully addressed.
Other techniques mentioned in the options serve different purposes:Smoothing(or accommodating) involves playing down differences to maintain surface-level harmony;Compromisingrequires each party to give up something of value; and theDevil's Advocaterole is a technique used to stimulate functional conflict by intentionally challenging the majority view. Because the employees are actively engaging in open discussion to find a root-cause resolution, it is classified as problem solving.
질문 # 24
A team was assigned a project. Halfway through the project, however, it became obvious that the team was failing to meet expectations. Management had made sure that individuals assigned to the team had strong technical expertise as well as problem-solving and decision-making skills. However, other abilities for effective teamwork were overlooked. Which ability necessary for team members was overlooked?
정답：C
설명：
To perform effectively, a team requires three different types of skills. First, it needs people with technical expertise to perform the task at hand. Second, it needs people with problem-solving and decision-making skills to be able to identify problems, generate alternatives, and make competent choices. Finally, and perhaps most importantly for group cohesion, a team needs people with stronginterpersonal skills. Interpersonal skills include effective listening, feedback, and conflict resolution.
In the scenario provided, the team had the "hard" skills (technical and analytical) but lacked the "soft" skills required to navigate the social complexities of working as a unit. Without interpersonal skills, a team may have the smartest individuals but still fail because they cannot communicate effectively or resolve the inevitable friction that arises during a long-term project. While "propensity for social loafing" is a behavior to avoid, and "authoritarian personality" is often a hindrance, the foundational "ability" cited in organizational behavior literature as a prerequisite for team success alongside technical and problem-solving skills is interpersonal competence.
질문 # 25
What is an aspect of cross-functional teams that makes them difficult to manage?
정답：C
설명：
Cross-functional teams are composed of employees from about the same hierarchical level but from different work areas-such as marketing, finance, and production-who come together to accomplish a task. While these teams are highly effective for coordinating complex projects and solving problems that require diverse perspectives, they are notoriously difficult to manage in the early stages.
The primary challenge is thatit takes time to build trust and teamworkamong people with different backgrounds, experiences, and perspectives. Each member comes from a different functional "culture" with its own jargon, priorities, and ways of looking at a problem. For example, a member from the engineering department might prioritize technical perfection, while a member from the marketing department might prioritize speed to market. These differing perspectives can lead to conflict and misunderstandings during the initial stages of group development. Furthermore, because members have primary loyalties to their home departments, creating a sense of "team identity" takes significant effort from the leader. Leaders of cross- functional teams must spend considerable time facilitating communication, resolving interpersonal conflicts, and aligning the various functional goals into a single project vision. Until a baseline of mutual trust is established, the team may struggle with "silo" thinking, where members protect their own department's interests rather than working toward the team's collective goal. Only after the team moves through the
"storming" phase of development and builds trust can it begin to leverage its diverse skills for high performance.
질문 # 26
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