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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Topic 1: Special Collections | 12% | - Glucose tolerance & dynamic tests - Blood cultures & sterile collection - Blood alcohol & legal collections - Therapeutic drug monitoring - Pediatric & geriatric collections |
| Topic 2: Safety and Compliance | 26% | - HIPAA & patient confidentiality - PPE & sharps disposal - Bloodborne pathogens & exposure control - Quality control & error prevention - Infection control & OSHA standards |
| Topic 3: Specimen Processing & Handling | 14% | - Specimen rejection criteria - Processing & centrifugation - Transport & storage requirements - Documentation & tracking - Aliquoting & preservation |
| Topic 4: Routine Blood Collections | 28% | - Order of draw & tube selection - Capillary puncture procedures - Post-collection care & labeling - Venipuncture techniques & equipment - Tourniquet use & vein assessment |
| Topic 5: Patient Preparation | 20% | - Requisition review & test verification - Patient identification & verification - Patient positioning & comfort - Site selection & preparation - Informed consent & communication |
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NEW QUESTION # 112
Which of the following tube colors is commonly used for coagulation testing?
Answer: D
Explanation:
Light-blue tubes are commonly used for coagulation testing because they contain sodium citrate. Citrate binds calcium reversibly, preventing clotting while preserving the specimen for coagulation analysis such as PT, INR, and aPTT. The tube must be filled to the required level because coagulation testing depends on a precise blood-to-anticoagulant ratio. Underfilling a light-blue tube can falsely prolong clotting results and cause specimen rejection. Lavender tubes contain EDTA and are commonly used for hematology tests such as CBC. Gray tubes often contain sodium fluoride and potassium oxalate and are used for glucose or lactate testing depending on facility protocol. Red tubes are generally serum tubes without anticoagulant or with clot activator depending on manufacturer. The phlebotomist must collect light-blue tubes in the correct order of draw and inspect for proper fill. This is a high-yield NHA-style concept because it combines tube color, additive, test department, and specimen acceptability. Reference topics: Routine Blood Collections; coagulation tubes; sodium citrate; fill volume; order of draw.
NEW QUESTION # 113
Which of the following is an example of a patient giving a phlebotomist implied consent to complete a blood draw?
Answer: D
Explanation:
The patient extending their arm is an example of implied consent because the patient's action indicates cooperation with the blood draw without a written or explicit verbal statement. In routine phlebotomy, implied consent often occurs when the patient allows identification, listens to the procedure explanation, and physically presents the arm for collection. Signing a consent form is written consent, not implied consent. Saying "Okay" is verbal or expressed consent because the patient directly communicates agreement. Asking questions about the procedure is not consent by itself; it shows the patient is seeking information before deciding whether to proceed. The phlebotomist must still explain the procedure, verify identity, answer process-related questions within scope, respect refusal, and avoid coercion. Consent is not a technical formality; it is tied to patient rights, communication, and ethical practice. If a patient refuses or withdraws cooperation, the technician should not force collection and should follow facility reporting procedures. Reference topics: Patient Preparation; consent types; patient rights; communication; routine venipuncture preparation.
NEW QUESTION # 114
Which of the following blood components is primarily responsible for oxygen transport?
Answer: B
Explanation:
Erythrocytes are primarily responsible for oxygen transport. They contain hemoglobin, the iron-containing protein that binds oxygen in the lungs and releases it to tissues. Platelets are involved in hemostasis and clot formation, not oxygen transport. Leukocytes are white blood cells that support immune defense. Plasma proteins perform functions such as maintaining oncotic pressure, transporting substances, and supporting clotting through proteins such as fibrinogen, but they are not the primary oxygen carriers. This foundational knowledge matters because phlebotomy technicians work with specimens used to evaluate red blood cell count, hemoglobin, hematocrit, indices, anemia, blood loss, and hemolysis. If a specimen is hemolyzed, red blood cells rupture and release intracellular contents, which can alter laboratory values. Understanding blood components helps the technician connect collection technique to specimen integrity. For example, rough handling, excessive suction, improper needle size, or vigorous shaking can damage erythrocytes and compromise results. Reference topics: Phlebotomy Fundamentals; blood components; erythrocytes; hemoglobin; CBC testing.
NEW QUESTION # 115
Which of the following laboratory departments performs a CBC and ESR?
Answer: A
Explanation:
CBC and ESR testing are performed in the hematology department. A complete blood count evaluates formed elements of blood, including red blood cells, white blood cells, hemoglobin, hematocrit, platelet count, and sometimes differential cell counts. ESR, or erythrocyte sedimentation rate, is also a hematology procedure because it measures the rate at which red blood cells settle in anticoagulated blood over a defined time. Chemistry handles serum or plasma analytes such as glucose, electrolytes, enzymes, renal markers, liver markers, and metabolic panels. Serology focuses on immune reactions, antibodies, antigens, and infectious or immunologic testing. Microbiology deals with organisms, cultures, stains, and susceptibility testing. Knowing laboratory departments helps the phlebotomist route specimens correctly, answer workflow questions accurately, and understand tube selection and specimen handling requirements. For CBC and ESR, anticoagulated whole blood is typically required, commonly collected in lavender-top EDTA tubes depending on the laboratory's procedure. NHA CPT competencies include laboratory departments, blood components, specimen processing, specimen transport, and communication of laboratory information. Reference topics: Processing Specimens; hematology department; CBC; ESR; specimen routing.
NEW QUESTION # 116
A phlebotomist is collecting a blood culture from a 6-month-old infant who has no known allergies. Which of the following disinfectants should the phlebotomist use?
Answer: C
Explanation:
Chlorhexidine gluconate is the best answer for blood culture skin antisepsis in this 6-month-old infant with no known allergies. Blood cultures require stricter skin disinfection than routine venipuncture because contamination can produce false-positive culture results, unnecessary antibiotics, repeat testing, and delayed diagnosis. Sodium polyanethol sulfonate is not a skin disinfectant; it is an anticoagulant/additive used in blood culture media to support organism recovery. Sodium hypochlorite is a bleach-type disinfectant used for environmental decontamination, not patient skin preparation for venipuncture. Hydrogen peroxide is not the standard blood culture skin antiseptic. Chlorhexidine is widely used for effective skin antisepsis, and CDC guidance recognizes chlorhexidine-containing agents in healthcare infection-control contexts when age, skin maturity, and clinical risk are considered. For collection technique, the phlebotomist should cleanse the site properly, allow the antiseptic to dry, avoid repalpating unless sterile technique is used, collect adequate volume, and label/document accurately. Reference topics: Special Collections; blood culture collection; pediatric skin preparation; contamination prevention.
NEW QUESTION # 117
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