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| Certification Vendor: | ISC2 |
|---|---|
| Exam Name: | Certified Information Systems Security Professional (CISSP) |
| Exam Number: | CISSP |
| Exam Price: | USD $749 |
| Exam Duration: | 180 minutes |
| Passing Score: | 700 out of 1000 |
| Exam Format: | Advanced Innovative Questions, Multiple Choice, Computerized Adaptive Testing (CAT) |
| Related Certifications: | ISC2 Certified Cloud Security Professional (CCSP) ISC2 Certified in Cybersecurity (CC) ISC2 Systems Security Certified Practitioner (SSCP) |
| Real Exam Qty: | 100-150 |
| Certificate Validity Period: | 3 years |
| Available Languages: | English, Chinese, German, Spanish, Japanese |
| Sample Questions: | ISC CISSP Sample Questions |
| Exam Way: | Pearson VUE testing centers with Computerized Adaptive Testing (CAT) |
| Pre Condition: | Minimum 5 years cumulative paid work experience in two or more CISSP domains. A relevant four-year degree or approved credential may substitute for one year of experience. |
| Official Syllabus URL: | https://www.isc2.org/certifications/cissp/cissp-certification-exam-outline |
>> Valid CISSP Test Syllabus <<
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| Topic | Details |
Security and Risk Management - 15% | |
| Understand, adhere to, and promote professional ethics | - (ISC)2 Code of Professional Ethics - Organizational code of ethics |
| Understand and apply security concepts | - Confidentiality, integrity, and availability, authenticity and nonrepudiation |
| Evaluate and apply security governance principles | - Alignment of the security function to business strategy, goals, mission, and objectives - Organizational processes (e.g., acquisitions, divestitures, governance committees) - Organizational roles and responsibilities - Security control frameworks - Due care/due diligence |
| Determine compliance and other requirements | - Contractual, legal, industry standards, and regulatory requirements - Privacy requirements |
| Understand legal and regulatory issues that pertain to information security in a holistic context | - Cybercrimes and data breaches - Licensing and Intellectual Property (IP) requirements - Import/export controls - Transborder data flow - Privacy |
| Understand requirements for investigation types (i.e., administrative, criminal, civil, regulatory, industry standards) | |
| Develop, document, and implement security policy, standards, procedures, and guidelines | |
| Identify, analyze, and prioritize Business Continuity (BC) requirements | - Business Impact Analysis (BIA) - Develop and document the scope and the plan |
| Contribute to and enforce personnel security policies and procedures | - Candidate screening and hiring - Employment agreements and policies - Onboarding, transfers, and termination processes - Vendor, consultant, and contractor agreements and controls - Compliance policy requirements - Privacy policy requirements |
| Understand and apply risk management concepts | - Identify threats and vulnerabilities - Risk assessment/analysis - Risk response - Countermeasure selection and implementation - Applicable types of controls (e.g., preventive, detective, corrective) - Control assessments (security and privacy) - Monitoring and measurement - Reporting - Continuous improvement (e.g., Risk maturity modeling) - Risk frameworks |
| Understand and apply threat modeling concepts and methodologies | |
| Apply Supply Chain Risk Management (SCRM) concepts | - Risks associated with hardware, software, and services - Third-party assessment and monitoring - Minimum security requirements - Service level requirements |
| Establish and maintain a security awareness, education, and training program | - Methods and techniques to present awareness and training (e.g., social engineering, phishing, security champions, gamification) - Periodic content reviews - Program effectiveness evaluation |
Asset Security - 10% | |
| Identify and classify information and assets | - Data classification - Asset Classification |
| Establish information and asset handling requirements | |
| Provision resources securely | - Information and asset ownership - Asset inventory (e.g., tangible, intangible) - Asset management |
| Manage data lifecycle | - Data roles (i.e., owners, controllers, custodians, processors, users/subjects) - Data collection - Data location - Data maintenance - Data retention - Data remanence - Data destruction |
| Ensure appropriate asset retention (e.g., End-of-Life (EOL), End-of-Support (EOS)) | |
| Determine data security controls and compliance requirements | - Data states (e.g., in use, in transit, at rest) - Scoping and tailoring - Standards selection - Data protection methods (e.g., Digital Rights Management (DRM), Data Loss Prevention (DLP), Cloud Access Security Broker (CASB)) |
Security Architecture and Engineering - 13% | |
| Research, implement and manage engineering processes using secure design principles | - Threat modeling - Least privilege - Defense in depth - Secure defaults - Fail securely - Separation of Duties (SoD) - Keep it simple - Zero Trust - Privacy by design - Trust but verify - Shared responsibility |
| Understand the fundamental concepts of security models (e.g., Biba, Star Model, Bell-LaPadula) | |
| Select controls based upon systems security requirements | |
| Understand security capabilities of information systems (IS) (e.g., memory protection, Trusted Platform Module (TPM), encryption/decryption) | |
| Assess and mitigate the vulnerabilities of security architectures, designs, and solution elements | - Client-based systems - Server-based systems - Database systems - Cryptographic systems - Industrial Control Systems (ICS) - Cloud-based systems (e.g., Software as a Service (SaaS), Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS)) - Distributed systems - Internet of Things (IoT) - Microservices - Containerization - Serverless - Embedded systems - High-Performance Computing (HPC) systems - Edge computing systems - Virtualized systems |
| Select and determine cryptographic solutions | - Cryptographic life cycle (e.g., keys, algorithm selection) - Cryptographic methods (e.g., symmetric, asymmetric, elliptic curves, quantum) - Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) - Key management practices - Digital signatures and digital certificates - Non-repudiation - Integrity (e.g., hashing) |
| Understand methods of cryptanalytic attacks | - Brute force - Ciphertext only - Known plaintext - Frequency analysis - Chosen ciphertext - Implementation attacks - Side-channel - Fault injection - Timing - Man-in-the-Middle (MITM) - Pass the hash - Kerberos exploitation - Ransomware |
| Apply security principles to site and facility design | |
| Design site and facility security controls | - Wiring closets/intermediate distribution facilities - Server rooms/data centers - Media storage facilities - Evidence storage - Restricted and work area security - Utilities and Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) - Environmental issues - Fire prevention, detection, and suppression - Power (e.g., redundant, backup) |
Communication and Network Security - 13% | |
| Assess and implement secure design principles in network architectures | - Open System Interconnection (OSI) and Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) models - Internet Protocol (IP) networking (e.g., Internet Protocol Security (IPSec), Internet Protocol (IP) v4/6) - Secure protocols - Implications of multilayer protocols - Converged protocols (e.g., Fiber Channel Over Ethernet (FCoE), Internet Small Computer Systems Interface (iSCSI), Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP)) - Micro-segmentation (e.g., Software Defined Networks (SDN), Virtual eXtensible Local Area Network (VXLAN), Encapsulation, Software-Defined Wide Area Network (SD WAN)) - Wireless networks (e.g., Li-Fi, Wi-Fi, Zigbee, satellite) - Cellular networks (e.g., 4G, 5G) - Content Distribution Networks (CDN) |
| Secure network components | - Operation of hardware (e.g., redundant power, warranty, support) - Transmission media - Network Access Control (NAC) devices - Endpoint security |
| Implement secure communication channels according to design | - Voice - Multimedia collaboration - Remote access - Data communications - Virtualized networks - Third-party connectivity |
Identity and Access Management (IAM) - 13% | |
| Control physical and logical access to assets | - Information - Systems - Devices - Facilities - Applications |
| Manage identification and authentication of people, devices, and services | - Identity Management (IdM) implementation - Single/multi-factor authentication (MFA) - Accountability - Session management - Registration, proofing, and establishment of identity - Federated Identity Management (FIM) - Credential management systems - Single Sign On (SSO) - Just-In-Time (JIT) |
| Federated identity with a third-party service | - On-premise - Cloud - Hybrid |
| Implement and manage authorization mechanisms | - Role Based Access Control (RBAC) - Rule based access control - Mandatory Access Control (MAC) - Discretionary Access Control (DAC) - Attribute Based Access Control (ABAC) - Risk based access control |
| Manage the identity and access provisioning lifecycle | - Account access review (e.g., user, system, service) - Provisioning and deprovisioning (e.g., on /off boarding and transfers) - Role definition (e.g., people assigned to new roles) - Privilege escalation (e.g., managed service accounts, use of sudo, minimizing its use) |
| Implement authentication systems | - OpenID Connect (OIDC)/Open Authorization (Oauth) - Security Assertion Markup Language (SAML) - Kerberos - Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service (RADIUS)/Terminal Access Controller Access Control System Plus (TACACS+) |
Security Assessment and Testing - 12% | |
| Design and validate assessment, test, and audit strategies | - Internal - External - Third-party |
| Conduct security control testing | - Vulnerability assessment - Penetration testing - Log reviews - Synthetic transactions - Code review and testing - Misuse case testing - Test coverage analysis - Interface testing - Breach attack simulations - Compliance checks |
| Collect security process data (e.g., technical and administrative) | - Account management - Management review and approval - Key performance and risk indicators - Backup verification data - Training and awareness - Disaster Recovery (DR) and Business Continuity (BC) |
| Analyze test output and generate report | - Remediation - Exception handling - Ethical disclosure |
| Conduct or facilitate security audits | - Internal - External - Third-party |
Security Operations - 13% | |
NEW QUESTION # 997
What requirement MUST be met during internal security audits to ensure that all information provided is expressed as an objective assessment without risk of retaliation?
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 998
When an outgoing request is made on a port number greater than 1023, this type of firewall creates an ACL to allow the incoming reply on that port to pass:
Answer: D
Explanation:
The dynamic packet filtering firewall is able to create ACL's on the fly to allow replies on dynamic ports (higher than 1023). Packet filtering is incorrect. The packet filtering firewall usually requires that the dynamic ports be left open as a group in order to handle this situiation. Circuit level proxy is incorrect. The circuit level proxy builds a conduit between the trusted and untrusted hosts and does not work by dynamically creating ACL's. Application level proxy is incorrect. The application level proxy "proxies" for the trusted host in its communications with the untrusted host. It does not dynamically create ACL's to control traffic.
NEW QUESTION # 999
Several analysis methods can be employed by an IDS, each with its own strengths and weaknesses, and their applicability to any given situation should be carefully considered. There are two basic IDS analysis methods that exists. Which of the basic method is more prone to false positive?
Answer: C
Explanation:
Several analysis methods can be employed by an IDS, each with its own strengths and weaknesses, and their applicability to any given situation should be carefully considered.
There are two basic IDS analysis methods:
1.Pattern Matching (also called signature analysis), and
2.Anomaly detection
PATTERN MATCHING
Some of the first IDS products used signature analysis as their detection method and simply
looked for known characteristics of an attack (such as specific packet sequences or text in the
data stream) to produce an alert if that pattern was detected. If a new or different attack vector is
used, it will not match a known signature and, thus, slip past the IDS.
ANOMALY DETECTION
Alternately, anomaly detection uses behavioral characteristics of a system's operation or network
traffic to draw conclusions on whether the traffic represents a risk to the network or host.
Anomalies may include but are not limited to:
Multiple failed log-on attempts
Users logging in at strange hours
Unexplained changes to system clocks
Unusual error messages
Unexplained system shutdowns or restarts
Attempts to access restricted files
An anomaly-based IDS tends to produce more data because anything outside of the expected behavior is reported. Thus, they tend to report more false positives as expected behavior patterns change. An advantage to anomaly-based IDS is that, because they are based on behavior identification and not specific patterns of traffic, they are often able to detect new attacks that may be overlooked by a signature-based system. Often information from an anomaly-based IDS may be used to create a pattern for a signature-based IDS.
Host Based Intrusion Detection (HIDS) HIDS is the implementation of IDS capabilities at the host level. Its most significant difference from NIDS is that related processes are limited to the boundaries of a single-host system. However, this presents advantages in effectively detecting objectionable activities because the IDS process is running directly on the host system, not just observing it from the network. This offers unfettered access to system logs, processes, system information, and device information, and virtually eliminates limits associated with encryption. The level of integration represented by HIDS increases the level of visibility and control at the disposal of the HIDS application.
Network Based Intrustion Detection (NIDS) NIDS are usually incorporated into the network in a passive architecture, taking advantage of promiscuous mode access to the network. This means that it has visibility into every packet traversing the network segment. This allows the system to inspect packets and monitor sessions without impacting the network or the systems and applications utilizing the network.
Below you have other ways that instrusion detection can be performed: Stateful Matching Intrusion Detection Stateful matching takes pattern matching to the next level. It scans for attack signatures in the context of a stream of traffic or overall system behavior rather than the individual packets or discrete system activities. For example, an attacker may use a tool that sends a volley of valid packets to a targeted system. Because all the packets are valid, pattern matching is nearly useless. However, the fact that a large volume of the packets was seen may, itself, represent a known or potential attack pattern. To evade attack, then, the attacker may send the packets from multiple locations with long wait periods between each transmission to either confuse the signature detection system or exhaust its session timing window. If the IDS service is tuned to record and analyze traffic over a long period of time it may detect such an attack. Because stateful matching also uses signatures, it too must be updated regularly and, thus, has some of the same limitations as pattern matching.
Statistical Anomaly-Based Intrusion Detection The statistical anomaly-based IDS analyzes event data by comparing it to typical, known, or predicted traffic profiles in an effort to find potential security breaches. It attempts to identify suspicious behavior by analyzing event data and identifying patterns of entries that deviate from a predicted norm. This type of detection method can be very effective and, at a very high level,
begins to take on characteristics seen in IPS by establishing an expected baseline of behavior and
acting on divergence from that baseline. However, there are some potential issues that may
surface with a statistical IDS. Tuning the IDS can be challenging and, if not performed regularly,
the system will be prone to false positives. Also, the definition of normal traffic can be open to
interpretation and does not preclude an attacker from using normal activities to penetrate systems.
Additionally, in a large, complex, dynamic corporate environment, it can be difficult, if not
impossible, to clearly define "normal" traffic. The value of statistical analysis is that the system has
the potential to detect previously unknown attacks. This is a huge departure from the limitation of
matching previously known signatures. Therefore, when combined with signature matching
technology, the statistical anomaly-based IDS can be very effective.
Protocol Anomaly-Based Intrusion Detection
A protocol anomaly-based IDS identifies any unacceptable deviation from expected behavior
based on known network protocols. For example, if the IDS is monitoring an HTTP session and
the traffic contains attributes that deviate from established HTTP session protocol standards, the
IDS may view that as a malicious attempt to manipulate the protocol, penetrate a firewall, or
exploit a vulnerability. The value of this method is directly related to the use of well-known or well-
defined protocols within an environment. If an organization primarily uses well-known protocols
(such as HTTP, FTP, or telnet) this can be an effective method of performing intrusion detection.
In the face of custom or nonstandard protocols, however, the system will have more difficulty or be
completely unable to determine the proper packet format. Interestingly, this type of method is
prone to the same challenges faced by signature-based IDSs. For example, specific protocol
analysis modules may have to be added or customized to deal with unique or new protocols or
unusual use of standard protocols. Nevertheless, having an IDS that is intimately aware of valid
protocol use can be very powerful when an organization employs standard implementations of
common protocols.
Traffic Anomaly-Based Intrusion
Detection A traffic anomaly-based IDS identifies any unacceptable deviation from expected
behavior based on actual traffic structure. When a session is established between systems, there
is typically an expected pattern and behavior to the traffic transmitted in that session. That traffic
can be compared to expected traffic conduct based on the understandings of traditional system
interaction for that type of connection. Like the other types of anomaly-based IDS, traffic anomaly-
based IDS relies on the ability to establish "normal" patterns of traffic and expected modes of
behavior in systems, networks, and applications. In a highly dynamic environment it may be
difficult, if not impossible, to clearly define these parameters.
Reference(s) used for this question:
Hernandez CISSP, Steven (2012-12-21). Official (ISC)2 Guide to the CISSP CBK, Third Edition
((ISC)2 Press) (Kindle Locations 3664-3686). Auerbach Publications. Kindle Edition.
and
Hernandez CISSP, Steven (2012-12-21). Official (ISC)2 Guide to the CISSP CBK, Third Edition ((ISC)2 Press) (Kindle Locations 3711-3734). Auerbach Publications. Kindle Edition. and Hernandez CISSP, Steven (2012-12-21). Official (ISC)2 Guide to the CISSP CBK, Third Edition ((ISC)2 Press) (Kindle Locations 3694-3711). Auerbach Publications. Kindle Edition.
NEW QUESTION # 1000
What are the steps of a risk assessment?
Answer: D
Explanation:
The steps of a risk assessment are identification, analysis, and evaluation. Identification is the process of finding and listing the assets, threats, and vulnerabilities that are relevant to the risk assessment. Analysis is the process of estimating the likelihood and impact of each threat scenario and calculating the level of risk. Evaluation is the process of comparing the risk level with the risk criteria and determining whether the risk is acceptable or not. Mitigation is not part of the risk assessment, but it is part of the risk management, which is the process of applying controls to reduce or eliminate the risk.
NEW QUESTION # 1001
Which of the following system components enforces access controls on an object?
Answer: B
Explanation:
The reference monitor is the system component that enforces access controls on an object. An object is a passive entity that contains or receives information, such as a file, a folder, a database, or a message. Access control is the process of granting or denying access to an object based on the identity, role, or attributes of the subject that requests access, and the rules or policies that define the access rights and permissions of the subject to the object. A subject is an active entity that requests access to an object, such as a user, a process, or a device. A reference monitor is an abstract concept that represents the mechanism that mediates the access requests from the subjects to the objects, and that enforces the access control policies on the objects. A reference monitor can be implemented as a hardware component, a software component, or a combination of both, and it can be integrated into the operating system, the application, or the device. A reference monitor has three properties:
* It is tamper-proof, which means that it cannot be modified, bypassed, or disabled by unauthorized entities.
* It is always invoked, which means that it is always active and operational, and that it always checks every access request.
* It is verifiable, which means that it can be tested and validated to ensure its correctness and completeness. The other options are not the system components that enforce access controls on an object, as they either do not mediate the access requests from the subjects to the objects, or do not enforce the access control policies on the objects. References: CISSP - Certified Information Systems Security Professional, Domain 5. Identity and Access Management (IAM), 5.1 Control physical and logical access to assets, 5.1.2 Manage identification and authentication of people, devices, and services,
5.1.2.2 Access control attacks; CISSP Exam Outline, Domain 5. Identity and Access Management (IAM), 5.1 Control physical and logical access to assets, 5.1.2 Manage identification and authentication of people, devices, and services, 5.1.2.2 Access control attacks
NEW QUESTION # 1002
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