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NEW QUESTION # 21
What is risk mitigation?
Answer: A
Explanation:
Risk mitigation is the risk treatment approach focused on reducing risk to an acceptable level by lowering either the likelihood of a risk event, the impact of that event, or both. In cybersecurity risk management, mitigation is accomplished by implementing controls and countermeasures such as technical safeguards, process changes, and administrative measures. Examples include patching vulnerable systems, hardening configurations, enabling multi-factor authentication, applying least privilege, network segmentation, encryption, improved logging and monitoring, secure development practices, and user awareness training. Each of these actions reduces exposure or limits damage if an incident occurs.
The other options describe different risk treatment strategies, not mitigation. Purchasing insurance is generally considered risk transfer, where financial impact is shifted to a third party, but the underlying threat and vulnerability may still exist. Eliminating risk by stopping the risky activity is risk avoidance; it removes the exposure by discontinuing the process, system, or behavior causing the risk. Documenting the risk and preparing a recovery plan aligns more closely with risk acceptance combined with contingency planning or resilience planning; it acknowledges the risk and focuses on recovery rather than reducing the probability of occurrence.
Therefore, the correct definition of risk mitigation is reducing the risk through implementing one or more countermeasures.
NEW QUESTION # 22
Which of the following is a cybersecurity risk that should be addressed by business analysis during solution development?
Answer: A
Explanation:
Business analysis is responsible for ensuring the solution is correctly understood in terms of business purpose, process flows, data handling, user roles, integrations, and non-functional requirements such as security and privacy. If the solution is not understood well enough, security risks will be missed early, leading to gaps that are expensive and difficult to correct later. This is why option C is the best answer: inadequate understanding prevents reliable identification of threats, sensitive data paths, trust boundaries, and misuse cases during requirements and design stages.
Cybersecurity documents emphasize "security by design" and "shift-left" practices, meaning risks should be identified and addressed before build and test. Business analysis contributes by eliciting and documenting security requirements, clarifying data classification and retention needs, defining user access and privilege expectations, identifying regulatory and policy constraints, and ensuring interfaces and third-party dependencies are known and assessed. BA also supports threat modeling inputs by providing accurate context about actors, workflows, and data movement, which are essential for identifying where controls like authentication, authorization, logging, encryption, and validation must exist.
Other options align to different roles or stages: budgets are governance and project management constraints, QA limitations are testing risks, and coding-introduced vulnerabilities are primarily addressed through secure coding standards, code review, and developer practices. BA's key cybersecurity risk is incomplete understanding that prevents correct security requirements and risk identification.
NEW QUESTION # 23
What is the "impact" in the context of cybersecurity risk?
Answer: B
Explanation:
In cybersecurity risk management, impact refers to the severity of adverse consequences if a threat event occurs and successfully affects information or systems. It is the "so what" of a risk scenario: how much damage the organization, its customers, or other stakeholders could experience when confidentiality, integrity, or availability is compromised. Impact commonly includes multiple dimensions such as operational disruption, loss of critical services, harm to customers, legal or regulatory exposure, reputational damage, and direct and indirect financial loss. Because these consequences can extend beyond money, impact is broader than just costs and also includes mission failure, safety implications, loss of competitive advantage, and degradation of trust.
Option D captures this correctly by describing impact as the magnitude of harm expected from unauthorized use of information. Option C describes likelihood, not impact, because it focuses on probability over time. Option B is only one component of impact, since financial cost is important but does not fully represent business, legal, and operational consequences. Option A is also a possible consequence but is narrower than the full impact concept. Cybersecurity risk scoring typically combines likelihood and impact to prioritize treatment, ensuring high-impact scenarios receive attention even when probabilities vary.
NEW QUESTION # 24
Which of the following would qualify as a multi-factor authentication pair?
Answer: B
Explanation:
Multi-factor authentication requires a user to prove identity using two or more different factor types. Cybersecurity standards describe the main factor categories as something you know (for example, a password or PIN), something you have (for example, a hardware token, smart card, or authenticator app producing a one-time code), and something you are (biometrics such as fingerprint, face, or iris). A valid MFA pair must come from different categories, not just two items from the same category or a mix of authentication with non-authentication concepts.
Option B is correct because it explicitly combines two distinct factor types: a knowledge factor and an inherence factor. This pairing is widely recognized as MFA because compromising one factor does not automatically compromise the other: an attacker who steals a password still needs the biometric, and spoofing a biometric does not provide the secret knowledge factor.
Option A is incorrect because "encryption" is not an authentication factor; it is a protection mechanism for confidentiality and integrity of data. Option D has the same problem: encryption is not a user factor. Option C can represent MFA in many real implementations if "token" is truly a possession factor; however, training materials and exam items often prefer the clearest, unambiguous factor-language pairing, which is why "Something You Know and Something You Are" is the best single answer here.
NEW QUESTION # 25
What is the first step of the forensic process?
Answer: C
Explanation:
The first step in a standard digital forensic process is collection because all later work depends on obtaining data in a way that preserves its integrity and evidentiary value. Collection involves identifying potential sources of relevant evidence and then acquiring it using controlled, repeatable methods. Typical sources include endpoint disk images, memory captures, mobile device extractions, server and application logs, cloud audit trails, email records, firewall and proxy logs, and authentication events. During collection, forensic guidance emphasizes maintaining a documented chain of custody, recording who handled the evidence, when it was acquired, how it was transported and stored, and what tools and settings were used. This documentation supports accountability and helps ensure evidence is admissible and defensible if used in disciplinary actions, regulatory inquiries, or legal proceedings.
Collection also includes steps to prevent evidence contamination or loss. Investigators may isolate systems to stop further changes, capture volatile data such as RAM before shutdown, use write blockers when imaging storage media, verify acquisitions with cryptographic hashes, and securely store originals while performing analysis on validated copies. Only after evidence is collected and preserved do teams move into examination and analysis, where artifacts are filtered, parsed, correlated, and interpreted to reconstruct timelines and determine cause and scope. Reporting comes later to communicate findings and support remediation.
NEW QUESTION # 26
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