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| Section | Objectives |
|---|---|
| Principles of Supply Chain Management & Logistics | - Supply Chain Processes - Introduction to Supply Chain Management - Management Components of Supply Chain Management - Factors Affecting Supply Chain Management |
| Demand Planning and Forecasting | - Integrated View of Procurement, Manufacturing and Operations Management - Spreadsheet Newsvendor Models - Issues and Trade-offs in Global Supply Chain Management - Demand Forecasting and Purchase Price Variance (PPV) Savings - Revenue Management - Supply Chain Issues for Short Life Cycle Products |
| Distribution and Operations Management | - Warehouse Management - Introduction to Distribution Network - Stock Management - Order Management - Transport Management |
| Major Supply Chain Issues: Sourcing Materials and Services | - Inventory Management - Introduction to Global Supply Chain Management - Role of Logistics in Supply Chains - Major Challenges in Supply Chain Management Today - Developing Productive Supplier Relationships in a Competitive Market |
| E-Supply Chain Management | - Modern Fulfilment Tools and Applications in Supply Chain - Warehouse Management System (WMS) - Information Flows and Information Systems Integration - Big Data and IoT in Supply Chain - Differences Between Logistics and Supply Chain Management |
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NEW QUESTION # 82
Inventory holding costs would include which of the following?
Answer: C
Explanation:
Inventory holding cost represents the economic cost associated with maintaining inventory over time. Its components commonly include the cost of capital tied up in inventory, storage-related expense, insurance, taxes where applicable, deterioration, shrinkage, and the risk that inventory will lose economic value before it can be sold or consumed. Obsolescence cost therefore belongs directly within the holding-cost category.
Obsolescence occurs when inventory becomes outdated, technologically superseded, unfashionable, expired, or otherwise less valuable while it remains in stock. The longer inventory is held, the greater the exposure to this risk. For products with rapid technology changes, short life cycles, expiration dates, or volatile consumer preferences, obsolescence can represent a substantial portion of total inventory carrying cost.
The other choices relate primarily to replenishment or acquisition activities. Buyer time is associated with placing and managing orders. Receiving cost occurs when incoming material is processed. Transportation cost concerns product movement and, depending on the inventory model, can form part of the fixed replenishment or logistics cost.
Accordingly, C is the correct answer because obsolescence results specifically from carrying inventory over time. This classification is also consistent with standard supply-chain inventory-cost treatment.
Reference Topic: Inventory and Warehousing - Inventory Carrying and Holding Costs.
NEW QUESTION # 83
The impact of the lack of coordination on supply chain processes decreases for the following measure.
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 84
Sales forecasts strong demand next quarter, manufacturing wants a level production schedule, procurement expects a material shortage, and finance requires lower inventory investment. Which process is BEST suited to reconcile these competing functional plans?
Answer: C
Explanation:
Sales and Operations Planning (S & OP) is designed to create a coordinated medium-term plan by reconciling demand expectations with supply capability and financial objectives across organizational functions.
The scenario presents exactly the type of cross-functional conflict S & OP is intended to resolve. Sales anticipates strong demand; manufacturing has capacity and scheduling preferences; procurement identifies a material constraint; and finance wants to control working capital. Optimizing any one of these positions independently could damage overall performance.
S & OP provides a structured management process for comparing demand and supply scenarios, identifying constraints, evaluating inventory and capacity implications, and selecting a plan aligned with business objectives. Successful S & OP therefore integrates commercial, operational, sourcing, and financial perspectives rather than treating them as separate plans.
Cycle counting concerns inventory accuracy. Invoice matching is an accounts-payable/procurement control.
Physical distribution manages downstream product movement. None provides the executive planning mechanism required to balance the competing plans described.
ACSCP explicitly emphasizes the interrelationships among procurement, manufacturing, operations, inventory, demand planning, and scheduling rather than treating these areas independently.
Reference Topic: Leadership and Organizational Change - S & OP, Cross-Functional Alignment, and Integrated Planning.
NEW QUESTION # 85
This area of supply chain management ensures a business in a place where they can get what they need. For example, if you are a vegetable producer you wouldn't want to be in a dry arid location.
Answer: A
Explanation:
The appropriate supply-chain component is Location . Facility location determines where manufacturing, processing, warehousing, and distribution operations should be positioned so that the organization has effective access to essential resources, suppliers, labor, infrastructure, transportation, utilities, and markets.
The vegetable-producer example makes the distinction particularly clear. Agricultural production depends heavily on suitable environmental conditions and resource availability. Establishing such an operation in an extremely dry region without adequate water would create unnecessary production risk, increased cost, and potential continuity problems.
Location decisions have strategic consequences because facilities normally represent substantial long-term commitments. Managers therefore evaluate proximity to raw materials, resource availability, transportation connectivity, labor, customer markets, operating costs, regulatory conditions, and risk.
Supply-chain component literature specifically identifies location as the requirement to establish a business where essential production resources are available and gives analogous examples involving businesses whose fundamental resources are scarce at unsuitable sites.
Source selection determines from whom materials are acquired, while transportation concerns movement. The scenario specifically concerns where the operation should be situated .
Reference Topic: Supply Chain Strategy and Global Context - Facility Location and Resource Availability.
NEW QUESTION # 86
All costs that do not vary with the size of the order but are incurred each time an order is placed are referred to as
Answer: B
Explanation:
A fixed ordering cost is incurred each time a replenishment order is initiated and is substantially independent of the number of units contained in that order. In classical cycle-inventory and EOQ terminology, this cost is commonly represented by S . Examples can include administrative processing, supplier coordination, production setup, shipment dispatch, and fixed transportation or receiving activities associated with an order.
The economic significance of S is that it creates an incentive to consolidate demand into larger replenishment lots. If S is high, frequent small orders become expensive because the same fixed cost is repeatedly incurred.
Increasing the lot size reduces the number of orders per year and therefore reduces annual ordering cost. The disadvantage is that larger replenishment quantities increase average cycle inventory and consequently increase holding cost.
Material cost, represented in this framework by C, concerns the unit acquisition value of the product and varies with the quantity purchased. Holding cost relates to maintaining inventory through time. Purchase price is therefore not the definition requested.
The EOQ framework balances annual fixed ordering cost against annual inventory holding cost to identify an economically efficient replenishment quantity. Thus B correctly identifies both the cost category and its conventional notation.
Reference Topic: Inventory and Warehousing - Fixed Ordering Cost, Cycle Inventory, and EOQ.
NEW QUESTION # 87
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