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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Topic 1: Integrated Project Management Practices | 35% | - Project Integration Management - Project Organization and Roles - Project Risk and Opportunity Management - Project Communication and Reporting - Project Scope and Planning |
| Topic 2: Individual Management Practices for a Project | 36.25% | - Closing and Evaluating the Project - Directing and Executing Work - Planning and Estimating Activities - Initiating and Starting a Project - Monitoring and Controlling Performance |
| Topic 3: Fundamental Principles and Concepts of Project Management | 28.75% | - Overview of ISO 21502 Standard - Project, Program and Portfolio Distinctions - Project Management Principles - Project Governance and Stakeholders - Project Life Cycle and Phases |
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質問 # 58
According to ISO 21502, what should the process of controlling risks involve?
正解：B
解説：
The correct answer is C . Controlling risks involves ensuring that responses to negative risks minimize disruption to the project while responses to positive risks maximize beneficial impact. Risk control is not merely the identification or planning of risks; it is the ongoing activity of tracking risk exposure, monitoring risk response effectiveness, identifying new risks, reassessing existing risks, and ensuring that treatment actions remain suitable. Negative risks, or threats, should be managed so that their probability or impact is reduced, transferred, avoided, or otherwise controlled. Positive risks, or opportunities, should be managed so that their probability or beneficial impact is enhanced, exploited, shared, or accepted where appropriate.
Option A refers more to risk categorization or analysis, where common causes can help prioritize treatment.
Option B describes risk response planning, where options and actions are developed before implementation.
Control focuses on whether those responses are working and whether the project remains within acceptable risk exposure. PMBOK similarly describes risk monitoring as tracking identified risks, identifying and analyzing new risks, and evaluating risk process effectiveness. The uploaded question set records this ISO
21502 risk-control item.
Reference topics: risk control, risk responses, threats, opportunities, disruption minimization, beneficial impact maximization.
質問 # 59
According to PMBOK, what is the definition of Earned Value Analysis (EVA)?
正解：B
解説：
The correct answer is A . Earned Value Analysis, within the earned value management family of techniques, uses integrated performance measures to determine project cost and schedule performance. It links work accomplished with the budget authorized for that work and compares it against actual cost and planned progress. This makes it more powerful than simple expenditure tracking because it shows whether the project is earning value at the expected rate. Option B describes cost variance , not EVA. Cost variance is the budget deficit or surplus at a point in time, normally calculated as earned value minus actual cost. Option C describes the cost performance index , not EVA. CPI indicates cost efficiency by comparing earned value to actual cost. EVA is the broader analytical method; CV and CPI are specific measures used within earned value analysis. PMBOK defines earned value management as a methodology combining measures of scope, schedule, and resources to evaluate project performance and progress, which supports the integrated nature of EVA. The uploaded question set lists option A as the definition choice for EVA.
Reference topics: earned value analysis, earned value management, cost performance, schedule performance, cost variance, CPI.
質問 # 60
Which of the following situations indicates a hope creep?
正解：B
質問 # 61
Scenario:
Tricko is a clothing manufacturer headquartered in Milano, Italy. The company was founded in 2010 by Mario, a famous Italian fashion designer. Over the last few years, the company has seen immense growth and now has a chain of stores across multiple European cities. Following industry trends, the top management of Tricko concluded that the company should establish an online store. As such, they required Lily, an experienced IT engineer, to develop a brief for this potential project. After several meetings and discussions, the top management approved the project brief and assigned Lily as the project manager. For this project, she was instructed to use the guidelines of ISO 21502 on project management.
Lily initiated the project by mobilizing the project team, which included four web developers, two network engineers, and one systems analyst. In order to ensure that every team member is fully aware of their roles and responsibilities, Lily developed team performance domains which would link each project activity with the individuals responsible for undertaking it. She explained to the team members that it is important to clearly understand their roles and responsibilities, considering that the team composition cannot be reassessed or revised once the project plan is authorized to be executed. In addition, Lily defined in a document the project's contribution to the overall objectives of Tricko, which reflected the relevant project requirements and their associated acceptance criteria.
Following that, Lily worked with the project team to discuss project costs. She suggested the team initially establish cost estimates only for the first phase of the project and then for the entire project. In addition, she required cost estimates to be expressed in currency valuations and in labor hours. One of the network engineers suggested that each team member should provide an estimate, and then the team should reach an agreement for a joint estimate. On the other hand, one of the developers suggested establishing an estimate for the costs after the closure of the project, such as advertising and promotion costs. Lily agreed with their suggestions and asked them to provide a total estimate as soon as possible.
Based on the total estimate provided by the project team, Lily developed the project budget and created a list of project activities, divided them into smaller items, and assigned a budget for each item.
Question:
Lily claimed that the team composition cannot be reassessed or revised once the project plan is authorized to be executed. Is this acceptable?
正解：C
解説：
The correct answer is B . Lily's statement is not acceptable because project team composition can be reassessed and revised where necessary. Project resource needs are not always fixed after the project plan is authorized. As the project progresses, changes in scope, schedule, risks, technical requirements, stakeholder expectations, supplier performance, or team availability may require adjustments to the team structure. In Tricko's online store project, the team includes web developers, network engineers, and a systems analyst. If additional cybersecurity, payment integration, UX design, legal compliance, or e-commerce operations expertise becomes necessary, the team should be adjusted rather than constrained by the original plan. Option A is incorrect because it treats the approved plan as permanently fixed. Option C is also too restrictive because reassessment may be required whenever circumstances justify it, not only at the beginning of a phase or work package. Sound project management maintains control while allowing justified adaptation. The project manager should monitor team capability, availability, workload, and performance, then revise composition through approved processes where needed. The source scenario explicitly tests Lily's claim that team composition cannot be revised after authorization.
Reference topics: project team, resource management, team composition, reassessment, project plan adaptation.
質問 # 62
When should the needs and opportunities resulting from the organizational strategy or business requirements be evaluated?
正解：A
解説：
The correct answer is B . Needs and opportunities resulting from organizational strategy or business requirements should be evaluated before formal authorization to initiate a new project. This evaluation is part of pre-project analysis and helps determine whether a project should be started. It connects the potential project to business drivers, strategic objectives, expected outcomes, benefits, risks, required investment, constraints, and stakeholder needs. If this evaluation is postponed until after authorization, the organization may approve a project without sufficient justification, resulting in weak strategic alignment or poor value realization. Option A may sound attractive because projects should remain aligned throughout the life cycle, but the specific evaluation of needs and opportunities for initiation occurs before formal authorization. During the project, continued justification may be reviewed, but the initial evaluation belongs before authorization.
Option C is incorrect because pre-project activities are the period in which this evaluation is performed; it should not wait until they are completed. The decision to authorize the project should be based on the results of this evaluation. The uploaded source question presents this timing directly.
Reference topics: organizational strategy, business requirements, needs and opportunities, pre-project activities, authorization, project initiation.
質問 # 63
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