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| Section | Objectives |
|---|---|
| Understand how to prepare for negotiations in procurement and supply | - Understand how to prepare for a negotiation
|
| Understand the interpersonal skills required for effective negotiation | - Understand the behavioral aspects of negotiation
|
| Understand the stages of commercial negotiations in procurement and supply | - Understand the stages of a commercial negotiation
|
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NEW QUESTION # 384
A buyer is approaching a negotiation where the company is in a low-power negotiating position in relation to the supplier. How can the buyer improve leverage and power with the supplier?
* Consolidate the expenditure from across the organisation to increase the size and value of the requirement
* Understand the supplier's costs and margins prior to the negotiation to demonstrate that you know what it costs to produce the product
* Take a distributive approach to the negotiation and refuse to make concessions
* Limit communication and information sharing with the supplier so as not to give anything away
Answer: D
Explanation:
When buyer power is low, leverage must be created rather than assumed. Consolidating organisational spend increases volume and commercial importance to the supplier, directly strengthening buyer power.
Understanding supplier costs and margins reduces information asymmetry and demonstrates commercial competence, which improves credibility and influence during negotiations. Refusing concessions and limiting communication are typical of adversarial tactics and often weaken relationships when power is already limited. CIPS clearly advises buyers to use aggregation of demand and market intelligence as ethical and effective methods to rebalance power without damaging long-term supplier relationships.
Reference: CIPS L4M5 Commercial Negotiation (CORE), 2nd edition - LO 3.1: Sources of power and methods to improve buyer leverage.
NEW QUESTION # 385
If the price of a good is above the equilibrium price, which of the following will happen?
Answer: A
Explanation:
In microeconomics, equilibrium price is determined when the quantity demanded is equal to thequantity supplied at equilibrium price in a market, there will be no shortages and no surpluses. If we combine our supply and demand curves on one graph, the point at which they converge determines the equilibrium price. If the price is set above this price and you read across the graph you will see the supply excess demand and there will be a surplus. In order to reduce this surplus, the price will need to fall. The scenario is illustrated in the graph below:
Chart, line chart Description automatically generated
NEW QUESTION # 386
Rose is a senior buyer from a skiing equipment retailer. Rose is concerned about the current ski boot shortage and the number of invoicing problems from a key supplier. She has decided to have a video conference with Victor, CEO of the supplier. Initially, she intends to threaten Victor with contract termination unless he can improve the situation. However, she is a little wary of doing this as the switching costs are high. Eventually, she decides to seek solutions by encouraging the other party to offer their views and ideas. Rose also prepares some ideas to discuss with Victor. Which of the following is the persuasion method that Rose intends to use in the forthcoming conference?
Answer: A
Explanation:
There are two major persuasion methods: 'push' and 'pull'.
Persuasion can be defined as encouraging someone to do something that you want them to do for you.
Persuasion is reasoning with someone so that they will believe or do something they might not otherwise do.
Persuasion can be considered as 'pushing' on TOP so that they can accept the change in attitude or behaviour as a result of your actions.
Influence is the ability to affect the manner of thinking of another. Influence can be considered as pulling on TOP so that you achieve the same result, but TOP feels they have changed their attitude or behaviour as a result of their reflection and thinking, and not your direct actions.
There are multiple variables to consider when choosing between 'push' and 'pull'. Professor Fiona Dent of Ashridge Business School proposes situations when each style might be most appropriate, breaking down push into 'directive' and 'reasoning' and 'pull' into 'collaborative' and 'visionary':
Table Description automatically generated
In the scenario, Rose intends to let both parties exchange their views and ideas so that solutions to current problems can be found. This is the typical characteristic of collaborative (pull) method.
NEW QUESTION # 387
An experienced procurement professional is developing strategies for forthcoming negotiations with her key supplier. To avoid negotiation deadlocks, she identifies the reasons whynegotiations could fail. Which of the following are most likely to be reasons for negotiation failures? Select TWO that apply.
Answer: B,E
Explanation:
It has been said that most negotiations are won (or lost) at the preparation stage. Success in a negotiation cannot be claimed unless you can refer back to your objectives and show how you have achieve them. In broad terms, negotiation plans/strategies involve 4 key activities:
1. Developing and prioritising your objectives and limits
2. Seeking to understand TOP's objectives
3. Developing concession plans
4. Planning the resources and logistics required and agreeing team roles.
Questions to gain an understanding of why a negotiation failed
Did we collect and make effective use of all information available when preparing for the negotiation?
Did we set objectives for the negotiation that were stretching and achievable and established MIL objectives?
Did we determine a strategy for the negotiation?
Did the other party understand our needs correctly?
Were we aware of the underlying interests of the other party?
Were our proposals convincing enough for acceptance by the other party?
Did we explore different variables in the negotiation?
Did we fully understand all proposals?
Did we give any unplanned concessions and did we check the importance of these?
Did we focus on common interests?
Did we ask a range of questions?
Did we get answers to all our questions?
Could we answer all the questions addressed to us in a proper and positive way?
Did we summarise effectively?
Did we use different methods of persuasion in the negotiations?
Which tactics did we use and what effect did they have?
Did our negotiating team work well as a team?
Did we help to create a co-operative atmosphere
NEW QUESTION # 388
At the first stage of CIPSProcurement and Supply Cycle (Understand need), which of the following is the most important duty of procurement professional?
Answer: D
Explanation:
At the first stage of CIPS Procurement and Supply Cycle (Understand need and develop a high-level specification), procurement professional mainly negotiate with internal stakeholders. They have a duty toproportionately and constructively challenge specification if there's genuine doubt over the need or how the need is expressed. This is called demand management. Their first duty is to the organisation's treasury, not to functional managers.
Demandmanagement including: negotiation/challenge between procurement and internal stakeholders over the need/requirement/specification. Remember that in any process or product, the greatest opportunity for cost reduction is at the design stage.
NEW QUESTION # 389
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