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NEW QUESTION # 26
A manufacturing company experienced a security breach that resulted in sales data being compromised. An engineer participating in the investigation must identify who logged into the sales system during the affected period. Which approach must be used to gather the information?
Answer: D
Explanation:
AAA (Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting) provides accounting logs that record who logged in, when, and from where. During an investigation, these logs allow the security team to trace user logins to the sales system and identify who accessed it during the breach period.
NEW QUESTION # 27
Which tool must be used to prioritize incidents by a SOC?
Answer: A
Explanation:
A SIEM (Security Information and Event Management) tool collects and correlates security logs from across the enterprise, then applies analytics to prioritize incidents for SOC analysts. This enables efficient detection and response to the most critical threats.
NEW QUESTION # 28
A restaurant distribution center recently suffered a password spray attack targeting the Cisco Secure Firepower Threat Defense VPN headend. The attack attempts to gain unauthorized access by trying common passwords across many accounts. The attack poses a significant security threat to the organization's remote access infrastructure. To enhance the security of the VPN setup and minimize the risk of similar attacks in the future, the IT security team must implement effective mitigation measures. Which technique effectively reduces the risk of this type of attack?
Answer: B
Explanation:
In the context of Designing Cisco Security Infrastructure, protecting Remote Access VPN (RAVPN) against brute-force and password spray attacks is a critical objective. On Cisco Firepower Threat Defense (FTD) and Adaptive Security Appliance (ASA) platforms, theDefaultWEBVPNGroupandDefaultRAGroupare the landing points for any connection request that does not specify a valid Group Alias or Group URL. Attackers frequently target these default profiles because they are often left with "None" as the authentication method, allowing the attacker to probe for valid usernames without immediate rejection.
By selectingOption D, the security designer ensures that any attempt to access the VPN via these default profiles requires valid AAA credentials. According to Cisco's hardened design guides, it is best practice to point these default profiles to a "sinkhole" AAA server or a local database with no users. This forces the password spray attack to fail at the initial authentication phase before any sensitive information is leaked or unauthorized access is granted. While Option A (ACLs) provides a temporary fix, it is ineffective against distributed attacks using rotating IP addresses. Option B (Disabling aliases) is a good obfuscation technique but doesn't stop an attacker from hitting the default profile. Option D provides a structural mitigation that aligns with theCisco SAFEarchitectural principle of reducing the attack surface by securing every possible entry vector into the private infrastructure.
NEW QUESTION # 29
A developer company recently implemented a testing environment based on Linux operating system. The company needs a technology solution that produces tracing and filtering capabilities in the Linux kernel.
Which technology meets these requirements without modifying the kernel source code?
Answer: A
Explanation:
In modern secure infrastructure design, especially within high-performance testing and developer environments, the ability to observe and filter traffic at a deep level is crucial. eBPF (extended Berkeley Packet Filter) is a revolutionary technology that allows developers to run sandboxed programs within the Linux kernel. The primary advantage of eBPF is that it enables sophisticated tracing, monitoring, and network filtering capabilities without the need to modify the underlying kernel source code or load intrusive kernel modules.
In the context of the Cisco SDSI objectives, eBPF is highlighted as a key component of distributed firewalling and cloud-native security architectures. It operates by attaching programs to various "hooks" in the kernel, such as network events, tracepoints, or system calls. When a packet enters the system or a specific event occurs, the eBPF program can inspect the context and make high-speed decisions on whether to allow, drop, or redirect traffic. This provides a much more efficient and flexible alternative to traditional technologies like IPTables. Because eBPF programs are verified for safety by a JIT compiler before being executed, they do not risk crashing the kernel, making them ideal for dynamic developer environments. Unlike Vector Packet Processing (VPP) (Option D), which moves packet processing into userspace, or standard Next-Generation Firewalls (NGFW) (Option C), which are typically separate appliances, eBPF provides "in-kernel" observability and enforcement that is programmable and highly scalable for microservices and containerized applications.
NEW QUESTION # 30
A retail company is facing a series of cyberattacks targeting web servers, which results in disruptions to online services. Upon investigation, the security team identified that these attacks involved invalid HTTP request headers, which were used to exploit vulnerabilities in the web application. To safeguard the company websites against similar threats in the future, the security team must deploy a security solution specifically designed to detect and block such malicious web traffic. Which security product must be used to protect the websites from similar attacks?
Answer: C
Explanation:
The cyberattacks described target theapplication layer (Layer 7), specifically exploiting vulnerabilities through malformed HTTP headers. AWeb Application Firewall (WAF)is the specialized security solution required to mitigate these threats. Unlike standard firewalls that inspect traffic at the network and transport layers (IPs and Ports), a WAF performs deep inspection of HTTP/HTTPS traffic.
A WAF-such as those integrated into theCisco Secure Firewallor cloud-native WAF services-understands the structure of web requests. It can identify and block sophisticated attacks like SQL injection, Cross-Site Scripting (XSS), and the specific "invalid HTTP request headers" mentioned in the scenario. By applying a set of rules (often based on the OWASP Top 10), the WAF filters out malicious requests before they reach the web server.Antivirus software(Option A) andHost-based firewalls(Option D) protect the server's operating system from malware and unauthorized connections but cannot inspect the logic of a web request. A Traditional Firewall(Option B) would simply see the traffic as "allowed" on Port 443 and pass it through.
Implementing a WAF is a critical architectural requirement in the Cisco SDSI "Applications" domain to protect customer-facing web services from exploitation.
NEW QUESTION # 31
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