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인증 시험은 정보 보안 관리의 원칙, 개념, 표준 및 모범 사례를 포함하여 ISM과 관련된 광범위한 주제를 다룹니다. 시험은 또한 후보자의 감사 수행 능력을 평가하고, 감사 결과를 분석하며, ISM의 효과를 향상시키기위한 시정 조치를 권장합니다. 인증 프로그램은 전문가에게 정보 보안 위험을 식별 및 관리하고, 사이버 위협으로부터 보호하며, 법적 및 규제 요구 사항을 준수하는 데 필요한 지식과 기술을 제공하도록 설계되었습니다. PECB ISO-AIC-27001-Lead-Auditor Certification은 정보 보안 관리 분야에서 경력 전망을 향상시키려는 전문가에게 귀중한 자격 증명입니다.
PECB ISO-IEC-27001-Lead-Auditor 시험은 ISO/IEC 27001 표준을 위한 인증 리드 감사관이 되고자 하는 전문가들을 위해 설계되었습니다. 이 자격증은 국제적으로 인정되며 개인이 조직의 정보 보안 관리 시스템(ISMS)에 대한 효과적인 감사를 수행하기 위해 필요한 지식과 기술을 갖추고 있다는 것을 입증합니다. 시험은 정보 보안 관리의 원칙과 개념, 위험 평가, 감사 계획 및 준비, 감사 수행, 보고 및 후속 조치 등 다양한 주제를 다룹니다.
>> ISO-IEC-27001-Lead-Auditor시험난이도 <<
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PECB ISO-IEC-27001-Lead-Auditor 시험은 정보보안 관리 시스템(ISMS) 분야에서 인증된 리드 감사인이 되고자 하는 전문가들을 위해 디자인되었습니다. 이 시험은 ISO, GDPR, ITIL 등 다양한 국제 표준에 대한 교육, 시험 및 인증 서비스를 제공하는 잘 알려진 인증 기관인 PECB에서 제공됩니다. ISO-IEC-27001-Lead-Auditor 시험은 ISO/IEC 27001:2013 표준 요구 사항에 따라 ISMS 감사 팀을 이끄는 데 필요한 후보자들의 지식과 기술을 평가하기 위한 것입니다.
질문 # 136
You are conducting an ISMS audit in the despatch department of an international logistics organisation that provides shipping services to large organisations including local hospitals and government offices. Parcels typically contain pharmaceutical products, biological samples, and documents such as passports and driving licences. You note that the company records show a very large number of returned items with causes including misaddressed labels and, in 15% of cases, two or more labels for different addresses for the one package. You are interviewing the Shipping Manager (SM).
You: Are items checked before being dispatched?
SM: Any obviously damaged items are removed by the duty staff before being dispatched, but the small profit margin makes it uneconomic to implement a formal checking process.
You: What action is taken when items are returned?
SM: Most of these contracts are relatively low value, therefore it has been decided that it is easier and more convenient to simply reprint the label and re-send individual parcels than it is to implement an investigation.
You raise a nonconformity against ISO 27001:2022 based on the lack of control of the labelling process.
At the closing meeting, the Shipping Manager issues an apology to you that his comments may have been misunderstood. He says that he did not realise that there is a background IT process that automatically checks that the right label goes onto the right parcel otherwise the parcel is ejected at labelling. He asks that you withdraw your nonconformity.
Select three options of the correct responses that you as the audit team leader would make to the request of the Shipping Manager.
정답：A,D,H
설명：
* A. Advise the Shipping Manager that his request will be included in the audit report. This is true because the audit report should document all the relevant information and evidence related to the audit, including any requests or objections raised by the auditee. The audit report should also provide the rationale for the audit conclusions and recommendations12.
* B. Advise management that the new information provided will be discussed when the auditors have more time. This is true because the auditors should not make hasty decisions based on incomplete or unverified information. The auditors should review and evaluate the new information in a systematic and objective manner, and determine whether it affects the audit findings, nonconformities, or conclusions12.
* F. Thank the Shipping Manager for his honesty but advise that withdrawing the nonconformity is not the right way to proceed. This is true because the auditors should acknowledge and appreciate the cooperation and transparency of the auditee, but also maintain their professional integrity and independence. The auditors should not withdraw a nonconformity unless they are satisfied that it was raised in error or that it has been effectively corrected and verified12.
References :=
* ISO 19011:2022 Guidelines for auditing management systems
* ISO/IEC 17021-1:2022 Conformity assessment - Requirements for bodies providing audit and certification of management systems - Part 1: Requirements
질문 # 137
Scenario:
Northstorm is an online retail shop offering unique vintage and modern accessories. It initially entered a small market but gradually grew thanks to the development of the overall e-commerce landscape. Northstorm works exclusively online and ensures efficient payment processing, inventory management, marketing tools, and shipment orders. It uses prioritized ordering to receive, restock, and ship its most popular products.
Northstorm has traditionally managed its IT operations by hosting its website and maintaining full control over its infrastructure, including hardware, software, and data administration. However, this approach hindered its growth due to the lack of responsive infrastructure. Seeking to enhance its e-commerce and payment systems, Northstorm opted to expand its in-house data centers, completing the expansion in two phases over three months. Initially, the company upgraded its core servers, point-of-sale, ordering, billing, database, and backup systems. The second phase involved improving mail, payment, and network functionalities. Additionally, during this phase, Northstorm adopted an international standard for personally identifiable information (PII) controllers and PII processors regarding PII processing to ensure its data handling practices were secure and compliant with global regulations.
Despite the expansion, Northstorm's upgraded data centers failed to meet its evolving business demands. This inadequacy led to several new challenges, including issues with order prioritization. Customers reported not receiving priority orders, and the company struggled with responsiveness. This was largely due to the main server's inability to process orders from YouDecide, an application designed to prioritize orders and simulate customer interactions. The application, reliant on advanced algorithms, was incompatible with the new operating system (OS) installed during the upgrade.
Faced with urgent compatibility issues, Northstorm quickly patched the application without proper validation, leading to the installation of a compromised version. This security lapse resulted in the main server being affected and the company's website going offline for a week. Recognizing the need for a more reliable solution, the company decided to outsource its website hosting to an e-commerce provider. The company signed a confidentiality agreement concerning product ownership and conducted a thorough review of user access rights to enhance security before transitioning.
According to Scenario 1, Northstorm reviewed users' access rights. What is the type and function of this security control?
정답：C
설명：
Comprehensive and Detailed In-Depth
Security controls can be classified by type (administrative, technical, physical) and function (preventive, detective, corrective).
A . Detective and administrative - Correct Answer. Reviewing access rights is an administrative control because it involves procedural security measures (such as policy enforcement and auditing). It is also a detective control because it helps identify inappropriate or unauthorized access by auditing and verifying user permissions.
B . Corrective and managerial - Incorrect because reviewing user access rights does not correct an issue but rather detects potential unauthorized access. It is also administrative, not managerial.
C . Legal and technical - Incorrect because reviewing user access rights is an administrative policy-based action, not a legal or technical control.
질문 # 138
You are an experienced ISMS audit team leader providing guidance to an ISMS auditor in training. They have been asked to carry out an assessment of external providers and have prepared a checklist containing the following activities. They have asked you to review their checklist to confirm that the actions they are proposing are appropriate.
The audit they have been invited to participate in is a third-party surveillance audit of a data centre . The data centre agent is part of a wider telecommunication group. Each data centre within the group operates its own ISMS and holds its own certificate.
Select three options that relate to ISO/IEC 27001:2022's requirements regarding external providers.
정답：B,E,G
설명：
* A. I will check the other data centres are treated as external providers, even though they are part of the same telecommunication group. This is appropriate because clause 8.1.4 of ISO 27001:2022 requires the organisation to ensure that externally provided processes, products or services that are relevant to the information security management system are controlled. Externally provided processes, products or services are those that are provided by any external party, regardless of the degree of its relationship with the organisation. Therefore, the other data centres within the same telecommunication group should be treated as external providers and subject to the same controls as any other external provider12
* B. I will ensure external providers have a documented process in place to notify the organisation of any risks arising from the use of its products or services. This is appropriate because clause 8.1.4 of ISO
27001:2022 requires the organisation to implement appropriate contractual requirements related to information security with external providers. One of the contractual requirements could be the obligation of the external provider to notify the organisation of any risks arising from the use of its products or services, such as security incidents, vulnerabilities, or changes that could affect the information security of the organisation. The external provider should have a documented process in place to ensure that such notification is timely, accurate, and complete12
* E. I will ensure the organisation is regularly monitoring, reviewing and evaluating external provider performance. This is appropriate because clause 8.1.4 of ISO 27001:2022 requires the organisation to monitor, review and evaluate the performance and effectiveness of the externally provided processes, products or services. The organisation should have a process in place to measure and verify the conformity and suitability of the external provider's deliverables and activities, and to provide feedback and improvement actions as necessary. The organisation should also maintain records of the monitoring, review and evaluation results12
* F. I will ensure the organisation has determined the need to communicate with external providers regarding the ISMS. This is appropriate because clause 7.4.2 of ISO 27001:2022 requires the organisation to determine the need for internal and external communications relevant to the information security management system, including the communication with external providers. The organisation should define the purpose, content, frequency, methods, and responsibilities for such communication, and ensure that it is consistent with the information security policy and objectives. The organisation should also retain documented information of the communication as evidence of its implementation12 The following activities are not appropriate for the assessment of external providers according to ISO 27001:
2022:
* C. I will ensure that the organisation has a reserve external provider for each process it has identified as critical to preservation of the confidentiality, integrity and accessibility of its information. This is not appropriate because ISO 27001:2022 does not require the organisation to have a reserve external provider for each critical process. The organisation may choose to have a contingency plan or a backup solution in case of failure or disruption of the external provider, but this is not a mandatory requirement. The organisation should assess the risks and opportunities associated with the external provider and determine the appropriate treatment options, which may or may not include having a reserve external provider12
* D. I will limit my audit activity to externally provided processes as there is no need to audit externally provided products or services. This is not appropriate because clause 8.1.4 of ISO 27001:2022 requires the organisation to control the externally provided processes, products or services that are relevant to the information security management system. Externally provided products or services may include software, hardware, data, or cloud services that could affect the information security of the organisation. Therefore, the audit activity should cover both externally provided processes and products or services, as applicable12
* G. I will ensure that top management have assigned roles and responsibilities for those providing external ISMS processes as well as internal ISMS processes. This is not appropriate because clause 5.3 of ISO 27001:2022 requires the top management to assign the roles and responsibilities for the information security management system within the organisation, not for the external providers. The external providers are responsible for assigning their own roles and responsibilities for the processes, products or services they provide to the organisation. The organisation should ensure that the external providers have adequate competence and awareness for their roles and responsibilities, and that they are contractually bound to comply with the information security requirements of the organisation12
* H. I will ensure that the organisation ranks its external providers and allocates the majority of its work to those providers who are rated the highest. This is not appropriate because ISO 27001:2022 does not require the organisation to rank its external providers or to allocate its work based on such ranking. The organisation may choose to evaluate and compare the performance and effectiveness of its external providers, but this is not a mandatory requirement. The organisation should select and use its external providers based on the information security criteria and objectives that are relevant to the organisation12 References:
1: ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Lead Auditor (Information Security Management Systems) Course by CQI and IRCA Certified Training 1 2: ISO/IEC 27001 Lead Auditor Training Course by PECB 2
질문 # 139
The audit lifecycle describes the ISO 19011 process for conducting an individual audit. Drag and drop the steps of the audit lifecycle into the correct sequence.
정답：
설명：
Explanation:
The correct sequence of the steps of the audit lifecycle according to ISO 19011:2018 is:
* Step 1: Audit initiation
* Step 2: Audit preparation
* Step 3: Conducting the audit
* Step 4: Preparing and distributing the audit report
* Step 5: Audit completion
* Step 6: Audit follow-up
This sequence reflects the logical order of the audit activities, from establishing the audit objectives, scope and criteria, to verifying the implementation and effectiveness of the corrective actions. However, ISO 19011:2018 also recognizes that some audit activities can be iterative or concurrent, depending on the nature and complexity of the audit. For example, audit preparation and conducting the audit can overlap when new information or changes occur during the audit. Similarly, audit follow-up can be integrated with audit completion when the corrective actions are verified shortly after the audit. Therefore, the audit lifecycle should be adapted to the specific context and needs of each audit.
질문 # 140
In what part of the process to grant access to a system does the user present a token?
정답：B
설명：
Explanation
In what part of the process to grant access to a system does the user present a token? The user presents a token in the identification part of the process. Identification is the process of claiming an identity or presenting an identifier to a system. An identifier is a unique name or label that represents a person or entity. A token is a physical device or object that contains or generates an identifier, such as a smart card, a key fob, or a QR code.
Identification is used to initiate the access request and associate it with an identity. Identification is followed by authentication, which verifies the identity claim, and authorization, which determines the level of access granted. ISO/IEC 27001:2022 defines identification as "recognition of an entity by an identifier in a particular context" (see clause 3.29). References: [CQI & IRCA Certified ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Lead Auditor Training Course], ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Information technology - Security techniques - Information security management systems - Requirements, [What is Identification?]
질문 # 141
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