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NEW QUESTION # 138
A company uses AWS Organizations. The company subscribes to AWS Shield Advanced. The company must share third-party firewall logs from all its accounts with the Shield Response Team. The company stores the logs in an Amazon S3 bucket that uses server-side encryption with S3 managed keys (SSE-S3).
Which combination of steps will meet these requirements? (Select TWO.)
Answer: A,C
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed 100to 150 words of Explanation From AWS Certified Security - Specialty topics:
To let the Shield Response Team assist during DDoS events, the account must explicitly authorize SRT access. The associate-drt-log-bucket operation authorizes SRT access to an S3 bucket that contains log data, including third-party source logs. The SRT also needs an IAM role with the AWSShieldDRTAccessPolicy policy and a trust relationship for the Shield DRT service principal so it can inspect relevant protection and logging information during mitigation. Delegated administration and auto-enable can help manage Shield Advanced across accounts, but they do not by themselves share the specific third-party firewall log bucket with SRT. Security Hub CSPM is unrelated to SRT log-bucket access.
NEW QUESTION # 139
A security engineer needs to configure DDoS protection for a Network Load Balancer (NLB) with an Elastic IP address. The security engineer wants to set up an AWS WAF web ACL with a rate- based rule statement to protect the NLB.
The security engineer needs to determine a rate limit that will not block legitimate traffic. The security engineer has configured the rule statement to aggregate based on the source IP address.
How should the security engineer configure the rule to protect the NLB?
Answer: B
Explanation:
AWS WAF rate-based rules are designed to help protect applications and resources from traffic floods and application-layer DDoS attacks by tracking the number of requests from individual source IP addresses over a rolling time window. According to the AWS Certified Security - Specialty Official Study Guide and AWS WAF documentation, rate-based rules can be configured with different actions, including Count, Block, and Allow.
When a security engineer is determining an appropriate rate limit that will not block legitimate traffic, AWS best practices recommend initially configuring the rate-based rule with the Count action. The Count action allows AWS WAF to monitor and log requests that exceed the specified rate threshold without actively blocking them. This provides visibility into traffic patterns and enables the security engineer to analyze how the rule would behave in production.
By using the Count action, the security engineer can safely evaluate whether legitimate users would be affected by the chosen rate limit. Once the engineer is confident that the threshold accurately distinguishes between normal traffic and malicious behavior, the action can later be changed to Block.
NEW QUESTION # 140
A company uses AWS Organizations to manage an organization that consists of three workload OUs:
Production, Development, and Testing. The company uses AWS CloudFormation templates to define and deploy workload infrastructure in AWS accounts that are associated with the OUs. Different SCPs are attached to each workload OU.
The company successfully deployed a CloudFormation stack update to workloads in the Development OU and the Testing OU. When the company uses the same CloudFormation template to deploy the stack update in an account in the Production OU, the update fails. The error message reports insufficient IAM permissions.
What is the FIRST step that a security engineer should take to troubleshoot this issue?
Answer: D
Explanation:
AWS CloudTrail provides a record of all API calls made in an AWS account, including calls initiated by AWS CloudFormation. According to the AWS Certified Security - Specialty Study Guide, CloudTrail is the primary source for troubleshooting authorization failures because it records denied actions and the policy type that caused the denial, including service control policies.
Reviewing CloudTrail logs allows a security engineer to identify which specific API calls failed during the CloudFormation deployment and whether the denial was caused by an SCP, an IAM policy, or a permission boundary. This evidence-based approach is the recommended first step before making any configuration changes.
Option B is unsafe and violates governance best practices by removing SCPs in production. Option C may be necessary later, but it does not identify whether SCPs are the root cause. Option D introduces unnecessary risk and bypasses the purpose of differentiated controls across OUs.
AWS documentation emphasizes observing and validating before modifying security controls, making CloudTrail log analysis the correct initial troubleshooting step.
Referenced AWS Specialty Documents:
AWS Certified Security - Specialty Official Study Guide
AWS Organizations Service Control Policies
AWS CloudTrail Authorization Failure Analysis
NEW QUESTION # 141
A company operates a web application that runs on Amazon EC2 instances. The application listens on port 80 and port 443. The company uses an Application Load Balancer (ALB) with AWS WAF to terminate SSL and to forward traffic to the application instances only on port 80.
The ALB is in public subnets that are associated with a network ACL named NACL1. The application instances are in dedicated private subnets that are associated with a network ACL named NACL2. An Amazon RDS for PostgreSQL DB instance that uses port 5432 is in a dedicated private subnet that is associated with a network ACL named NACL3. All the network ACLs currently allow all inbound and outbound traffic.
Which set of network ACL changes will increase the security of the application while ensuring functionality?
Answer: D
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed 100to 150 words of Explanation From AWS Certified Security - Specialty topics:
Network ACLs are stateless subnet-level controls, so both request traffic and return traffic must be explicitly allowed. The PostgreSQL database subnet should allow inbound TCP 5432 only from the application subnet CIDR blocks, not from the internet or unrelated subnets. Because return traffic from the database uses ephemeral destination ports on the client side, the outbound rule from the database subnet must allow TCP
1024-65536 back to the application instance subnets. Option A is invalid because network ACL rules use CIDR blocks, not other NACL names as sources or destinations. Options C and D modify only the application subnet NACL and fail to correctly restrict and allow database subnet return traffic.
NEW QUESTION # 142
A security engineer wants to forward custom application-security logs from an Amazon EC2 instance to Amazon CloudWatch. The security engineer installs the CloudWatch agent on the EC2 instance and adds the path of the logs to the CloudWatch configuration file.
However, CloudWatch does not receive the logs. The security engineer verifies that the awslogs service is running on the EC2 instance.
What should the security engineer do next to resolve the issue?
Answer: D
Explanation:
The Amazon CloudWatch agent requires explicit IAM permissions to create log groups, create log streams, and put log events into Amazon CloudWatch Logs. According to the AWS Certified Security - Specialty Study Guide, the most common cause of CloudWatch agent log delivery failures is missing or insufficient IAM permissions on the EC2 instance role.
The CloudWatchAgentServerPolicy AWS managed policy provides the required permissions, including logs:
CreateLogGroup, logs:CreateLogStream, and logs:PutLogEvents. Attaching this policy to the EC2 instance role enables the CloudWatch agent to successfully deliver custom application logs without requiring changes to the application or logging configuration.
Options A, B, and C are incorrect because CloudTrail, Amazon S3, and Amazon Inspector are not designed to ingest custom application logs from EC2 instances in this manner. AWS documentation clearly states that IAM permissions must be granted to the EC2 role for CloudWatch Logs ingestion.
This approach aligns with AWS best practices for least privilege while ensuring reliable detection and monitoring capabilities.
Referenced AWS Specialty Documents:
AWS Certified Security - Specialty Official Study Guide
Amazon CloudWatch Logs Agent Configuration
AWS IAM Best Practices for Monitoring
NEW QUESTION # 143
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