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| Section | Objectives |
|---|---|
| Decision Making and Performance Evaluation | - Relevant costs for decision making - Balanced Scorecard concepts - Capital budgeting techniques (NPV, IRR, Payback Period) - Responsibility accounting and performance metrics - Make-or-buy and special order decisions |
| Financial Statement Analysis | - Ratio analysis (liquidity, profitability, solvency, efficiency ratios) - Horizontal and vertical analysis - Interpreting financial data for decision-making purposes |
| Managerial Accounting Concepts | - Cost classification and behavior (fixed, variable, mixed costs) - Contribution margin and break-even analysis - Job order and process costing - Cost-Volume-Profit (CVP) analysis |
| Budgeting and Planning | - Operating budgets (sales, production, direct materials, direct labor, overhead) - Financial budgets (cash budget, budgeted income statement, budgeted balance sheet) - Master budget components - Variance analysis |
| Financial Accounting Fundamentals | - Understanding the accounting cycle - Accrual vs. cash basis accounting - Recording transactions and adjusting entries - Preparing financial statements (Income Statement, Balance Sheet, Statement of Cash Flows) |
>> Accounting-for-Decision-Makers考古题推薦 <<
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問題 #10
Who does Sarbanes-Oxley apply to?
答案:C
解題說明:
The correct answer is D. Publicly traded companies in the United States . Sarbanes-Oxley was enacted to strengthen corporate accountability, internal controls, and audit oversight for companies that access the public securities markets. Standard summaries of SOX explain that it applies to publicly traded companies doing business in the United States, along with the audit firms that audit those public companies.
Option B is incorrect because SOX does not generally apply in full to private, nonpublic companies in the same way it applies to public issuers. Option C is also incorrect for the same reason. Option A may describe a narrower scenario that can involve public-company reporting structures, but for an exam question asking broadly "Who does Sarbanes-Oxley apply to?", the clearest and best answer is publicly traded companies in the United States . SOX is fundamentally a public-company law designed to protect investors by improving the reliability of corporate disclosures and the independence of external audits. Therefore, among the listed choices, Option D is the most accurate and standard answer.
問題 #11
Which overhead cost is associated with batch-level activities?
答案:B
解題說明:
The correct answer is B. Machine setups . In activity-based costing , batch-level activities are performed each time a batch of goods is processed, regardless of how many units are in that batch. A classic example is the machine setup required before production of a batch can begin. ABC materials commonly identify setup costs as batch-level because the activity occurs per batch rather than per individual unit.
Option A, property taxes , and Option C, factory insurance , are usually considered facility-level or organization-sustaining overhead because they support the factory as a whole rather than a specific batch.
Option D, product engineering wages , is more closely related to product-level activities , since engineering work often supports a particular product line rather than each batch run. Batch-level costs increase with the number of production batches, not necessarily with the number of units produced. Since machine setups are incurred each time a batch is started, they are the standard example of a batch-level overhead cost. Therefore, Option B is the correct answer.
問題 #12
A company's statement of cash flows includes the following cash transactions.
Sales = $1,250,000
Inventory purchase = -$750,000
Property and equipment purchase = -$280,000
Interest payment on long-term debt = -$25,000
Payment of wages = -$315,000
Payment of rent = -$40,000
Borrowing long-term debt = $200,000
Payment of cash dividends = -$15,000
Repurchase of treasury stock = -$40,000
Total cash flows = -$5,000
What is the total cash flow from investing activities?
答案:A
解題說明:
The correct answer is B. -$280,000 . To determine cash flow from investing activities , include only cash flows related to the acquisition and disposal of long-term assets and investments. In the transactions listed, the only investing activity is:
Property and equipment purchase = -$280,000
That makes total cash flow from investing activities -$280,000 . OpenStax states that the investing section of the statement of cash flows relates to changes in long-term assets, and FASB's cash flow guidance classifies acquisitions of productive assets as investing cash outflows.
The other listed items belong to different sections. Sales, inventory purchases, wages, rent, and interest payments are generally operating activities under U.S. GAAP. Borrowing long-term debt, paying dividends, and repurchasing treasury stock are financing activities . Since none of those belong in investing activities, they should not be included in the investing subtotal. Therefore, the total cash flow from investing activities is simply the cash paid for property and equipment, which is -$280,000 , making Option B the correct answer.
問題 #13
What does the overall economic performance of a company for a given time period represent?
答案:D
解題說明:
The correct answer is A. The net income of the company . In financial accounting, the overall economic performance of a company for a specific period is generally summarized by net income or net loss . Net income reflects the result of revenues, expenses, gains, and losses recognized during the period under accrual accounting. It is the bottom-line measure on the income statement and is widely used to evaluate profitability and performance. OpenStax describes the income statement as the report that presents revenues and expenses for a period and arrives at net income.
Option B focuses only on cash receipts and cash payments, which is a cash flow perspective rather than the full accrual-based measure of economic performance. Option C refers more narrowly to gross profit , because it compares sales with cost of goods sold only and excludes operating expenses, interest, and taxes.
Option D, market value, reflects investor valuation rather than accounting performance for a reporting period.
Since the question asks about the company's overall economic performance for a given time period, the most accurate accounting answer is net income . Therefore, Option A is correct.
問題 #14
Which role do ethical standards have in management accounting?
答案:D
解題說明:
The correct answer is D . In management accounting, ethical standards are intended to guide behavior and help resolve ethical dilemmas that professionals may encounter in practice. The IMA Statement of Ethical Professional Practice explains that its principles and standards serve as a guide for ethical conduct in management accounting and include guidance for the resolution of ethical conflict .
Option A is incorrect because ethical standards cannot predict with certainty whether another person will behave ethically. Option B is incorrect because the standards do not guarantee that a management accountant will work only with perfectly ethical companies. Option C is also incorrect because no code can prevent all unethical behavior by everyone involved. Instead, the standards provide a framework based on competence, confidentiality, integrity, and credibility so the accountant can respond appropriately when ethical issues arise.
Therefore, the most accurate role of ethical standards in management accounting is to provide guidance for addressing and resolving ethical conflicts in a professional, structured manner. That makes Option D the correct answer.
問題 #15
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