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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Spanning Tree Protocols | 8-12% | - Port roles and states - STP, RSTP, MSTP, VSTP - Configuration and convergence - BPDU and protection features |
| Protocol-Independent Routing | 10-15% | - Filter-based forwarding - Routing instances and RIB groups - Load balancing - Martian addresses - Static, aggregate, and generated routes |
| Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) | 12-18% | - LDP and RSVP - Terminology and forwarding - Labels and LIB - Segment routing basics - Configuration and monitoring |
| Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) | 15-20% | - Areas and router types - Configuration and troubleshooting - LSA types and operation - Link-state database |
| IPv6 | 8-12% | - Autoconfiguration - Address types and format - Static and dynamic routing - OSPFv3 and BGP for IPv6 |
| Layer 2 Bridging and VLANs | 8-12% | - Bridging concepts - Service provider switching features - VLANs and trunking |
| High Availability | 5-8% | - Graceful restart - NSR and GRES concepts - Nonstop active routing |
| Intermediate System to Intermediate System (IS-IS) | 10-15% | - Metrics and wide metrics - Adjacencies and levels - PDUs and TLVs - Configuration and monitoring |
| Tunnels | 5-8% | - GRE and IP-IP tunnels - Tunnel configuration and usage |
| Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) | 20-25% | - IBGP and EBGP - Policy and route filtering - Path selection and attributes - Configuration and troubleshooting - Basic operation and message types |
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NEW QUESTION # 153
What is the default route preference for an aggregate route?
Answer: A
Explanation:
In the Junos OS architecture,route preference(often referred to as administrative distance in other vendor platforms) is the primary metric used by the Routing Engine to select the "best" path when multiple protocols provide a route to the same destination. Each routing protocol and route type is assigned a default numeric value; the lower the value, the more preferred the route.
According to Juniper Networks technical documentation, anaggregate routeis assigned a default preference of
130. Aggregate routes are a form of static-like route used to group specific routes into a single, broader prefix to reduce the size of routing tables and limit the scope of routing updates. They are "protocol-independent" because they are not learned from a dynamic neighbor but are manually defined by the administrator.
To understand where130fits in the hierarchy, it is helpful to compare it with other common Junos preferences:
* Directly connected interfaces:0
* Static routes:5
* OSPF Internal:10
* IS-IS Level 1/2:15/18
* Aggregate routes: 130
* OSPF AS External:150
* BGP (Internal and External):170
* Generated routes:150
By setting the aggregate route preference to 130, Junos ensures that specific routes learned via IGPs (like OSPF or IS-IS) are preferred over the aggregate. This is essential because an aggregate route is often used as a
"catch-all" or a discard route when more specific path information is missing. If the aggregate had a lower preference (like 5), it might override dynamic routing information, leading to suboptimal routing or black- holed traffic.
NEW QUESTION # 154
Exhibit:
Referring to the exhibit, R1 and R2 are configured to run IS-IS. The IS-IS adjacency between R1 and R2 is up. What does the output of the show isis interface command tell you about R1?
Answer: B
Explanation:
In theIS-IS (Intermediate System to Intermediate System)protocol as implemented in Junos OS, routers can operate at two hierarchical levels:Level 1 (L1)for intra-area routing andLevel 2 (L2)for inter-area backbone routing. By default, a Juniper router and its interfaces are configured to act asLevel 1/2, meaning they will attempt to form adjacencies at both levels simultaneously.
According to Juniper Networks technical documentation, the show isis interface command provides a granular view of how the protocol is interacting with specific local links. In the provided exhibit, we must examine the L (Level)column and theDR (Designated Router)status columns to understand R1's operational state.
* Level Configuration:Under the L column for both the physical interface ge-0/0/0.0 and the loopback lo0.0, the value is strictly2. This indicates that these interfaces have been explicitly configured to operate only at Level 2.
* Adjacency Capabilities:For the interface ge-0/0/0.0, the Level 1 DR field is marked asDisabled. This confirms that R1 is not participating in Level 1 operations on this link; it will not transmit Level 1 Hello PDUs, nor will it listen for them. Consequently, R1 is incapable of forming a Level 1 adjacency with R2 on this segment.
* Metric Implications:The exhibit shows an L1/L2 Metric of100/100. In Junos, "narrow" metrics (the default) are limited to a maximum value of 63 per interface. A metric of 100 indicates thatwide metrics (wide-metrics-only) have been enabled. Therefore, option A is incorrect because the routerisusing wide metrics.
Since the prompt states the adjacency is "up," and the interface is restricted to Level 2, we can conclude that R1 only forms a Level 2 adjacency with R2 (Option B). Even though an L1 metric of 100 is displayed in the table as a configured value, it is not actually "advertised" in a Link-State PDU because the Level 1 protocol is disabled on that interface.
NEW QUESTION # 155
Click the Exhibit button. You must configure the router called ROUTER_1 to take all valid prefixes learned from internal BGP peers in AS 64523, and then re-advertise them to other internal BGP peers in the same autonomous system.
Referring to the exhibit, which configuration must you deploy on ROUTER_1 to accomplish this task?
Answer: C
Explanation:
To re-advertise routes learned from iBGP peers to other iBGP peers within the same AS, ROUTER_1 must act as a route reflector. On Junos, enabling route reflection is done by configuring a cluster ID under the internal BGP group. The cluster ID uniquely identifies the route- reflector cluster and allows ROUTER_1 to reflect iBGP-learned routes to its other iBGP neighbors.
NEW QUESTION # 156
Click the Exhibit button.
Referring to the exhibit, which two statements are true? (Choose two.)
Answer: A,D
Explanation:
The routing table shows two equal-cost next hops for the prefix and both are installed in the forwarding table, which means the router is selecting both next hops for forwarding traffic. This indicates equal-cost multipath forwarding.
The forwarding table entry shows a load-balancing group containing both next hops, which reflects the default Junos behavior of performing load balancing across equal-cost paths when multiple next hops exist for the same route.
NEW QUESTION # 157
Interface ge-0/0/0.0 connects your network to your ISP. You want to advertise this interface address as an Internal route In OSPF without creating a neighbor with your ISP. In this scenario, how is this task accomplished?
Answer: B
NEW QUESTION # 158
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