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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Topic 1: Data Store Management | 26% | - Design data models
|
| Topic 2: Data Operations and Support | 22% | - Manage and troubleshoot data processes
|
| Topic 3: Data Ingestion and Transformation | 34% | - Orchestrate data pipelines
|
| Topic 4: Data Security and Governance | 18% | - Ensure data encryption
|
>> Data-Engineer-Associate Prüfungen <<
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48. Frage
A company needs to optimize storage for an Amazon S3 bucket. Objects older than 1 year must be accessible within 5 hours. All versions of the objects must be retained and immutable for 7 years. All versions of the objects must use the write-once-read-many (WORM) model.
Which solution will meet these requirements?
Antwort: B
Begründung:
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation (150-250 words)
The requirement to retain immutable object versions using a WORM model mandates the use of S3 Object Lock, not just S3 Versioning. Object Lock enforces immutability by preventing deletion or modification of objects for a specified retention period, which is required for compliance scenarios such as regulatory data retention.
To meet the access requirement of retrieving data within 5 hours, the appropriate archival storage class is S3 Glacier Flexible Retrieval, which supports expedited and standard retrieval within minutes to hours. S3 Glacier Deep Archive does not meet this requirement because retrieval times are typically 12 hours or longer.
Using S3 Intelligent-Tiering for active data optimizes storage costs automatically before transitioning older objects. A lifecycle policy can then transition objects older than 1 year to Glacier Flexible Retrieval and delete them after the 7-year retention period expires.
Options that rely only on S3 Versioning do not provide immutability guarantees. Options using Glacier Deep Archive fail the access-time requirement. Therefore, Option C is the only solution that satisfies WORM compliance, retrieval-time constraints, and cost optimization.
49. Frage
A company is building a data stream processing application. The application runs in an Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service (Amazon EKS) cluster. The application stores processed data in an Amazon DynamoDB table.
The company needs the application containers in the EKS cluster to have secure access to the DynamoDB table. The company does not want to embed AWS credentials in the containers.
Which solution will meet these requirements?
Antwort: D
Begründung:
In this scenario, the company is using Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service (EKS) and wants secure access to DynamoDB without embedding credentials inside the application containers. The best practice is to useIAM roles for service accounts (IRSA), which allows assigning IAM roles to Kubernetes service accounts. This lets the EKS pods assume specific IAM roles securely, without the need to store credentials in containers.
* IAM Roles for Service Accounts (IRSA):
* With IRSA, each pod in the EKS cluster can assume an IAM role that grants access to DynamoDB without needing to manage long-term credentials. The IAM role can be attached to the service account associated with the pod.
* This ensuresleast privilegeaccess, improving security by preventing credentials from being embedded in the containers.
Reference:IAM Roles for Service Accounts (IRSA)
Alternatives Considered:
A (Storing AWS credentials in S3): Storing AWS credentials in S3 and retrieving them introduces security risks and violates the principle of not embedding credentials.
C (IAM user access keys in environment variables): This also embeds credentials, which is not recommended.
D (Kubernetes secrets): Storing user access keys as secrets is an option, but it still involves handling long- term credentials manually, which is less secure than using IRSA.
References:
IAM Best Practices for Amazon EKS
Secure Access to DynamoDB from EKS
50. Frage
A company stores daily records of the financial performance of investment portfolios in .csv format in an Amazon S3 bucket. A data engineer uses AWS Glue crawlers to crawl the S3 data.
The data engineer must make the S3 data accessible daily in the AWS Glue Data Catalog.
Which solution will meet these requirements?
Antwort: C
Begründung:
To make the S3 data accessible daily in the AWS Glue Data Catalog, the data engineer needs to create a crawler that can crawl the S3 data and write the metadata to the Data Catalog. The crawler also needs to run on a daily schedule to keep the Data Catalog updated with the latest data. Therefore, the solution must include the following steps:
Create an IAM role that has the necessary permissions to access the S3 data and the Data Catalog. The AWSGlueServiceRole policy is a managed policy that grants these permissions1.
Associate the role with the crawler.
Specify the S3 bucket path of the source data as the crawler's data store. The crawler will scan the data and infer the schema and format2.
Create a daily schedule to run the crawler. The crawler will run at the specified time every day and update the Data Catalog with any changes in the data3.
Specify a database name for the output. The crawler will create or update a table in the Data Catalog under the specified database. The table will contain the metadata about the data in the S3 bucket, such as the location, schema, and classification.
Option B is the only solution that includes all these steps. Therefore, option B is the correct answer.
Option A is incorrect because it configures the output destination to a new path in the existing S3 bucket. This is unnecessary and may cause confusion, as the crawler does not write any data to the S3 bucket, only metadata to the Data Catalog.
Option C is incorrect because it allocates data processing units (DPUs) to run the crawler every day. This is also unnecessary, as DPUs are only used for AWS Glue ETL jobs, not crawlers.
Option D is incorrect because it combines the errors of option A and C. It configures the output destination to a new path in the existing S3 bucket and allocates DPUs to run the crawler every day, both of which are irrelevant for the crawler.
1: AWS managed (predefined) policies for AWS Glue - AWS Glue
2: Data Catalog and crawlers in AWS Glue - AWS Glue
3: Scheduling an AWS Glue crawler - AWS Glue
[4]: Parameters set on Data Catalog tables by crawler - AWS Glue
[5]: AWS Glue pricing - Amazon Web Services (AWS)
51. Frage
A retail company has a customer data hub in an Amazon S3 bucket. Employees from many countries use the data hub to support company-wide analytics. A governance team must ensure that the company's data analysts can access data only for customers who are within the same country as the analysts.
Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST operational effort?
Antwort: B
Begründung:
AWS Lake Formation is a service that allows you to easily set up, secure, and manage data lakes. One of the features of Lake Formation is row-level security, which enables you to control access to specific rows or columns of data based on the identity or role of the user. This feature is useful for scenarios where you need to restrict access to sensitive or regulated data, such as customer data from different countries. By registering the S3 bucket as a data lake location in Lake Formation, you can use the Lake Formation console or APIs to define and apply row-level security policies to the data in the bucket. You can also use Lake Formation blueprints to automate the ingestion and transformation of data from various sources into the data lake. This solution requires the least operational effort compared to the other options, as it does not involve creating or moving data, or managing multiple tables, views, or roles. References:
AWS Lake Formation
Row-Level Security
AWS Certified Data Engineer - Associate DEA-C01 Complete Study Guide, Chapter 4: Data Lakes and Data Warehouses, Section 4.2: AWS Lake Formation
52. Frage
A data engineer is using Amazon Athena to analyze sales data that is in Amazon S3. The data engineer writes a query to retrieve sales amounts for 2023 for several products from a table named sales_data. However, the query does not return results for all of the products that are in the sales_data table. The data engineer needs to troubleshoot the query to resolve the issue.
The data engineer's original query is as follows:
SELECT product_name, sum(sales_amount)
FROM sales_data
WHERE year = 2023
GROUP BY product_name
How should the data engineer modify the Athena query to meet these requirements?
Antwort: D
Begründung:
The original query does not return results for all of the products because the year column in the sales_data table is not an integer, but a timestamp. Therefore, the WHERE clause does not filter the data correctly, and only returns the products that have a null value for the year column. To fix this, the data engineer should use the extract function to extract the year from the timestamp and compare it with 2023. This way, the query will return the correct results for all of the products in the sales_data table. The other options are either incorrect or irrelevant, as they do not address the root cause of the issue. Replacing sum with count does not change the filtering condition, adding HAVING clause does not affect the grouping logic, and removing the GROUP BY clause does not solve the problem of missing products. References:
* Troubleshooting JSON queries - Amazon Athena (Section: JSON related errors)
* When I query a table in Amazon Athena, the TIMESTAMP result is empty (Section: Resolution)
* AWS Certified Data Engineer - Associate DEA-C01 Complete Study Guide (Chapter 7, page 197)
53. Frage
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