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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Topic 1: Web Server & Application Attacks | 8% | - SQL Injection & Command Injection - Web Security Countermeasures - Web Application Attacks: XSS, CSRF - Web Server Vulnerabilities - API Security Risks |
| Topic 2: Introduction to Ethical Hacking | 5% | - Ethical Hacking Methodology - Information Security Concepts - Cyber Kill Chain & MITRE ATT&CK - Legal and Ethical Compliance |
| Topic 3: Cryptography | 5% | - Encryption Concepts & Algorithms - Cryptography in Practice - Cryptanalysis & Attacks - Public Key Infrastructure |
| Topic 4: Enumeration | 7% | - AI-Driven Enumeration - Enumeration Concepts - Enumeration Countermeasures - NetBIOS, SNMP, LDAP Enumeration - DNS, SMTP, NFS Enumeration |
| Topic 5: Malware Threats | 7% | - AI-Powered Malware - APT & Fileless Malware - Malware Types: Trojans, Viruses, Worms - Malware Analysis & Countermeasures |
| Topic 6: Scanning Networks | 8% | - Host & Port Discovery - AI-Assisted Scanning - Service & OS Fingerprinting - Scanning Beyond IDS/Firewall - Scanning Countermeasures - Network Scanning Basics |
| Topic 7: Denial-of-Service | 4% | - DDoS Tools - Attack Techniques & Botnets - DoS & DDoS Concepts - Defense Mechanisms |
| Topic 8: IoT & OT Security | 4% | - Attacks on IoT & OT Systems - IoT/OT Architecture & Risks - Security Controls |
| Topic 9: Wireless Networks | 5% | - Wireless Threats & Attacks - Security Best Practices - Wireless Encryption: WEP, WPA2, WPA3 - Wireless Hacking Tools |
| Topic 10: Cloud Computing | 5% | - Cloud Models & Services - AWS, Azure, GCP Attacks - Cloud Security Risks - Cloud Security Best Practices |
| Topic 11: Sniffing | 5% | - MITM Attacks - Sniffing Tools & Techniques - Sniffing Countermeasures - Packet Sniffing Concepts |
| Topic 12: Footprinting and Reconnaissance | 7% | - DNS, WHOIS, Network Mapping - Reconnaissance Countermeasures - OSINT Techniques - Reconnaissance Concepts |
| Topic 13: Vulnerability Analysis | 8% | - Vulnerability Classification & Scoring - Vulnerability Research & Databases - Scanning & Analysis Tools - Vulnerability Assessment Lifecycle |
| Topic 14: Session Hijacking | 4% | - Session Hijacking Concepts - Application & Network Level Hijacking - Hijacking Techniques - Countermeasures |
| Topic 15: System Hacking | 8% | - Maintaining Access - Gaining Access: Password Attacks - Privilege Escalation - Clearing Tracks & Logs |
| Topic 16: Evading IDS, Firewalls, and Honeypots | 5% | - Honeypot Concepts & Detection - IDS, IPS, Firewall Technologies - Evasion Techniques |
| Topic 17: Mobile Platforms | 4% | - Mobile Device Security - Android & iOS Vulnerabilities - Mobile Attack Vectors |
| Topic 18: Social Engineering | 6% | - Social Engineering Concepts - Identity Theft - Phishing, Pretexting, Baiting - Countermeasures & Awareness |
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NEW QUESTION # 637
Which of the following tools is used to detect wireless LANs using the 802.11a/b/g/n WLAN standards on a linux platform?
Answer: B
Explanation:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kismet_(software)
Kismet is a network detector, packet sniffer, and intrusion detection system for 802.11 wireless LANs. Kismet will work with any wireless card which supports raw monitoring mode, and can sniff 802.11a, 802.11b, 802.11 g, and 802.11n traffic.
NEW QUESTION # 638
Based on the below log, which of the following sentences are true?
Mar 1, 2016, 7:33:28 AM 10.240.250.23 - 54373 10.249.253.15 - 22 tcp_ip
Answer: B
Explanation:
Mar 1, 2016, 7:33:28 AM 10.240.250.23 - 54373 10.249.253.15 - 22 tcp_ip Let's just disassemble this entry.
Mar 1, 2016, 7:33:28 AM - time of the request
10.240.250.23 - 54373 - client's IP and port
10.249.253.15 - server IP
- 22 - SSH port
NEW QUESTION # 639
John is investigating web-application firewall logs and observers that someone is attempting to inject the following:
char buff[10];
buff[>o] - 'a':
What type of attack is this?
Answer: D
Explanation:
Buffer overflow this attack is an anomaly that happens when software writing data to a buffer overflows the buffer's capacity, leading to adjacent memory locations being overwritten. In other words, an excessive amount of information is being passed into a container that doesn't have enough space, which information finishes up replacing data in adjacent containers.Buffer overflows are often exploited by attackers with a goal of modifying a computer's memory so as to undermine or take hold of program execution.
What's a buffer?A buffer, or data buffer, is a neighborhood of physical memory storage wont to temporarily store data while it's being moved from one place to a different . These buffers typically sleep in RAM memory. Computers frequently use buffers to assist improve performance; latest hard drives cash in of buffering to efficiently access data, and lots of online services also use buffers. for instance , buffers are frequently utilized in online video streaming to stop interruption. When a video is streamed, the video player downloads and stores perhaps 20% of the video at a time during a buffer then streams from that buffer. This way, minor drops in connection speed or quick service disruptions won't affect the video stream performance.
Buffers are designed to contain specific amounts of knowledge . Unless the program utilizing the buffer has built-in instructions to discard data when an excessive amount of is shipped to the buffer, the program will overwrite data in memory adjacent to the buffer.Buffer overflows are often exploited by attackers to corrupt software. Despite being well-understood, buffer overflow attacks are still a serious security problem that torment cyber-security teams. In 2014 a threat referred to as 'heartbleed' exposed many many users to attack due to a buffer overflow vulnerability in SSL software.
How do attackers exploit buffer overflows?An attacker can deliberately feed a carefully crafted input into a program which will cause the program to undertake and store that input during a buffer that isn't large enough, overwriting portions of memory connected to the buffer space. If the memory layout of the program is well-defined, the attacker can deliberately overwrite areas known to contain executable code. The attacker can then replace this code together with his own executable code, which may drastically change how the program is meant to figure .For example if the overwritten part in memory contains a pointer (an object that points to a different place in memory) the attacker's code could replace that code with another pointer that points to an exploit payload. this will transfer control of the entire program over to theattacker's code.
NEW QUESTION # 640
Andrew is an Ethical Hacker who was assigned the task of discovering all the active devices hidden by a restrictive firewall in the IPv4 range in a given target network.
Which of the following host discovery techniques must he use to perform the given task?
Answer: D
Explanation:
One of the most common Nmap usage scenarios is scanning an Ethernet LAN. Most LANs, especially those that use the private address range granted by RFC 1918, do not always use the overwhelming majority of IP addresses. When Nmap attempts to send a raw IP packet, such as an ICMP echo request, the OS must determine a destination hardware (ARP) address, such as the target IP, so that the Ethernet frame can be properly addressed. .. This is required to issue a series of ARP requests. This is best illustrated by an example where a ping scan is attempted against an Area Ethernet host. The -send-ip option tells Nmap to send IP-level packets (rather than raw Ethernet), even on area networks. The Wireshark output of the three ARP requests and their timing have been pasted into the session.
Raw IP ping scan example for offline targets
This example took quite a couple of seconds to finish because the (Linux) OS sent three ARP requests at 1 second intervals before abandoning the host. Waiting for a few seconds is excessive, as long as the ARP response usually arrives within a few milliseconds. Reducing this timeout period is not a priority for OS vendors, as the overwhelming majority of packets are sent to the host that actually exists. Nmap, on the other hand, needs to send packets to 16 million IP s given a target like 10.0.0.0/8. Many targets are pinged in parallel, but waiting 2 seconds each is very delayed.
There is another problem with raw IP ping scans on the LAN. If the destination host turns out to be unresponsive, as in the previous example, the source host usually adds an incomplete entry for that destination IP to the kernel ARP table. ARP tablespaces are finite and some operating systems become unresponsive when full. If Nmap is used in rawIP mode (-send-ip), Nmap may have to wait a few minutes for the ARP cache entry to expire before continuing host discovery.
ARP scans solve both problems by giving Nmap the highest priority. Nmap issues raw ARP requests and handles retransmissions and timeout periods in its sole discretion. The system ARP cache is bypassed. The example shows the difference. This ARP scan takes just over a tenth of the time it takes for an equivalent IP.
Example b ARP ping scan of offline target
In example b, neither the -PR option nor the -send-eth option has any effect. This is often because ARP has a default scan type on the Area Ethernet network when scanning Ethernet hosts that Nmap discovers. This includes traditional wired Ethernet as 802.11 wireless networks. As mentioned above, ARP scanning is not only more efficient, but also more accurate. Hosts frequently block IP-based ping packets, but usually cannot block ARP requests or responses and communicate over the network.Nmap uses ARP instead of all targets on equivalent targets, even if different ping types (such as -PE and -PS) are specified. LAN.. If you do not need to attempt an ARP scan at all, specify -send-ip as shown in Example a "Raw IP Ping Scan for Offline Targets".
If you give Nmap control to send raw Ethernet frames, Nmap can also adjust the source MAC address. If you have the only PowerBook in your security conference room and a large ARP scan is initiated from an Apple- registered MAC address, your head may turn to you. Use the -spoof-mac option to spoof the MAC address as described in the MAC Address Spoofing section.
NEW QUESTION # 641
Why would you consider sending an email to an address that you know does not exist within the company you are performing a Penetration Test for?
Answer: C
Explanation:
The correct answer is A. Sending an email to a non-existent address during an authorized penetration test can trigger a bounce-back or non-delivery report. These responses may reveal useful reconnaissance information such as mail server names, IP addresses, SMTP banners, internal hostnames, anti-spam gateways, mail routing behavior, and how the organization handles undeliverable messages. This technique supports the CEH reconnaissance and footprinting phase, where testers gather publicly or externally exposed information before deeper testing. It is not intended to create spam, identify root users, test antivirus directly, or perform a denial- of-service attack.
NEW QUESTION # 642
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