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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Topic 1: Pharmacy and Pharmacology | 13% | - Drug classification, dosage calculation, administration routes - Controlled substance management - Anatomy, physiology, pathophysiology related to agents - Preparation, dispensing, storage, safety and disposal |
| Topic 2: Pain Management / Analgesia | 7% | - Pain assessment, pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic control - Multimodal analgesia protocols |
| Topic 3: Emergency Medicine / Critical Care | 7% | - Toxicology, trauma, first aid procedures - Triage, shock, respiratory/cardiac emergencies |
| Topic 4: Laboratory Procedures | 9% | - Parasitology, microbiology, cytology - Sample collection, handling and processing - Hematology, clinical chemistry, urinalysis |
| Topic 5: Anesthesia | 13% | - Recovery and emergency management - Anesthetic agents, equipment, monitoring - Pre-anesthetic assessment and preparation |
| Topic 6: Dentistry | 7% | - Dental cleaning, polishing, radiography - Dental anatomy, disease recognition - Periodontal care and patient education |
| Topic 7: Animal Care and Nursing | 20% | - Physical examination, patient assessment - Infection control, sanitation, isolation - Husbandry, nutrition, fluid therapy - Specialized care for exotic, large or neonatal patients |
| Topic 8: Diagnostic Imaging | 6% | - Radiography: positioning, safety, technique - Image quality assessment and documentation - Ultrasound, other imaging modalities |
| Topic 9: Surgical Nursing | 13% | - Surgical preparation, instrumentation, aseptic technique - Wound management, suture materials and techniques - Intraoperative and postoperative care |
| Topic 10: Communication and Veterinary Professional Support Services | 5% | - Client education, communication techniques - Practice management, team collaboration - Medical records, ethics, legal and regulatory compliance |
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NEW QUESTION # 1105
The veterinary surgeon has asked you to place their patient in dorsal recumbency for an upcoming procedure. Which of the following have they requested?
Answer: C
Explanation:
The dorsal recumbent position calls for the patient to lay on their back. This position is ideal for surgical procedures that require access to the abdominal and thoracic cavities.
The right lateral recumbency position calls for the patient to lay on their side with the right side down. The left lateral recumbency position calls for the patient to lay on their side with the left side down. The prone position calls for the patient to lay on their abdomen with the back and neck exposed.
NEW QUESTION # 1106
What is the action of prostaglandin F2 (PGF2) alpha in animals?
Answer: B
Explanation:
Various hormones are responsible for various controls in the reproductive tracts of males and females.
PGF2 alpha is a fatty acid that the uterine endometrium produces. It causes luteolysis and uterine smooth muscle contraction in the female and epididymal smooth muscle contraction in the testes of the male.
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is a glycoprotein produced by the anterior pituitary. It is responsible for follicular growth and a female's estrogen production. In the male, it aids with spermiogenesis (the end stage of spermatogenesis, leading to full maturation of the sperm).
Luteinizing hormone (LH) is also a glycoprotein produced in the anterior pituitary. It functions to aid in follicular maturation, progesterone production, and luteinization in females while inducing testosterone production in males.
Progesterone is an androgenous steroid produced in the corpus luteum of the ovary. It is responsible for pregnancy maintenance and alveolar mammary growth in females.
NEW QUESTION # 1107
A quick estimation for drug dosing during CPR (cardiopulmonary resuscitation) is to administer 1 mL of atropine per 20 pounds of body weight every 3-5 minutes. If a 60 pound dog receives three rounds of atropine administration, what total volume was administered to the patient?
Answer: A
Explanation:
Calculate volume per dose: 60 pounds / (20 pounds per 1 mL) = 3 mL/dose Total amount over three doses: 3 mL/dose x 3 doses = 9 mL total Mosby's Comprehensive Review for Veterinary Technicians 5th Edition. Pg 453-454.
NEW QUESTION # 1108
You are working with a veterinarian concerned about ascites in a foal. The vet is doing an abdominocentesis and would like to collect the sample. He wants you to collect samples in a serum separator and EDTA tubes.
What should be done to ensure the sample has the most accurate sample-to-EDTA ratio?
Answer: A
Explanation:
Abdominocentesis can be used in numerous species to obtain samples. In large animals, variables-including the size and species of the animal-will dictate the equipment used and the technique. Samples are often collected into various tubes to ensure that multiple evaluations can be performed. Usually, at least one to two serum separator tube(s) and purple top(s) (with EDTA) are used. Sometimes, depending on the end goals, a sterile empty tube without material in the bottom is also warranted.
If the sample obtained is less than 1 ml in volume when using the EDTA tube, shaking out the EDTA from the tube before collection may be beneficial. This will help yield a more accurate ratio of sample to EDTA, but check with your lab/veterinarian to ensure this is per their wishes. Ideally, you want to fill the tube as full as you can via gravity flow to ensure the correct ratio of abdominal fluid to EDTA.
NEW QUESTION # 1109
All of the following scenarios would cause concern, suggesting that one of the lab machines may require recalibration and quality control evaluation, except:
Answer: C
Explanation:
Correct answer: HCT that is 3 times the Hb concentration
When equipment malfunctions, you use an expired cartridge for some tests. False results may occur when the blood has a micro clot and for various other reasons. Recognizing a problem early and quickly will prevent false results on more than one animal and ensure you take action as soon as feasible.
Signs you may have a problem with calibration and/or quality control include:
*Flags on the printed results on several of the values
*Values not compatible with life
*HCT that is 5 times the Hb concentration or another abnormal result or relationship between other blood parameters Remember that we can obtain the HCT concentration by multiplying the Hb by a factor of 3. (Or we can obtain the Hb by dividing the HCT by 3). Thus, if we were to find a Hb, say of 5, we should see a HCT of 15%. However, if we see a HCT that reads 25%, this should give us pause. Which parameter is false? Why is there a discrepancy? Can any of the other values be believed?
When abnormalities such as the discrepancy above occur or the machine flags the results, you need to be comfortable deciding on possible causes and rectifying the problem. If the abnormal factor is the HCT, and you have not yet run a PCV/TS, you can do so. Remember that the HCT and PCV are similar. The primary difference is that a HCT is machine calculated while the PCV is manually determined. But these values should be within 3 to 5% of each other. If the PCV reads 25% while the HCT reads 15%, then we know there is a problem. Calibration, rerunning the sample, checking for error codes in the machine, and other options should be promptly evaluated.
NEW QUESTION # 1110
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