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ISQI CTFL_Syll_4.0 Exam Syllabus Topics:

Section	Weight	Objectives
Topic 1: Fundamentals of Testing	20%	- Test Process 1. Traceability between the test basis and test items 2. Test work products 3. Testing as a process 4. Test activities and tasks - What is Testing? 1. Typical testing objectives 2. Testing and debugging - Why is Testing Necessary? 1. Testing's contribution to success 2. Defects, root causes, and consequences 3. Quality assurance and testing 4. Errors, defects, and failures - The Psychology of Testing 1. Tester mindset and developer's mindset 2. Cognitive biases 3. Human psychology and testing
Topic 2: Testing Throughout the Software Development Lifecycle	20%	- Test Types 1. Black-box testing 2. Non-functional testing 3. Functional testing 4. Confirmation testing and regression testing - Maintenance Testing 1. Impact analysis 2. Triggers for maintenance 3. Types of maintenance testing - Test Levels 1. System testing 2. Integration testing 3. Acceptance testing 4. Component testing - Software Development Lifecycle Models 1. Iterative and incremental development models 2. Agile and DevOps approaches 3. Sequential development models
Topic 3: Tool Support for Testing	0%	- Benefits and Risks of Test Automation 1. Tool selection and adoption 2. Automated and manual testing trade-offs - Tools Support 1. Test design and test implementation tools 2. Test planning and control tools 3. Test harness and unit test framework tools 4. Performance measurement and dynamic analysis tools 5. Test execution tools
Topic 4: Static Testing	15%	- Review Process 1. Roles and responsibilities in reviews 2. Review types and their characteristics 3. Success factors for reviews 4. Review phases - Static Testing Basics 1. Static testing and the test process 2. Value of static testing
Topic 5: Test Analysis and Design	20%	- Experience-Based Test Techniques 1. Exploratory testing 2. Checklist-based testing 3. Error guessing - Test Techniques 1. Boundary value analysis 2. Equivalence partitioning 3. Path testing 4. Statement testing and decision testing 5. Decision table testing 6. State transition testing - Characteristics of Good Tests 1. Test case design principles 2. Coverage and efficiency
Topic 6: Managing the Test Activities	25%	- Test Planning 1. Test estimation techniques 2. Purpose and content of a test plan 3. Entry criteria and exit criteria - Risk-Based Testing 1. Risk identification 2. Risk assessment 3. Risk mitigation - Configuration Management 1. Configuration management activities - Defect Management 1. Defect report fields 2. Defect reporting tools 3. Defect lifecycle - Test Monitoring and Control 1. Metrics used in test monitoring and control 2. Test reporting

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ISQI ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level (CTFL) v4.0 認定 CTFL_Syll_4.0 試験問題 (Q293-Q298):

質問 # 293
The whole-team approach:

A. is mostly adopted in projects aimed at developing safety-critical systems, as it ensures the highest level of testing independence
B. is a consensus-based approach that engages the whole team in estimating the user stories
C. promotes the idea that all team members should have a thorough understanding of test techniques
D. promotes the idea that all team members should be responsible for the quality of the product

正解：D

解説：
This answer is correct because the whole-team approach is a way of working in agile projects where all team members share the responsibility for the quality of the product, and collaborate on delivering value to the customer. The whole-team approach involves testers, developers, business analysts, product owners, and other stakeholders in planning, designing, developing, testing, and delivering the product. The whole-team approach fosters communication, feedback, learning, and continuous improvement within the team. References: ISTQB Glossary of Testing Terms v4.0, ISTQB Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0, Section 3.1.1.1

質問 # 294
What is test oracle?

A. The source of lest objectives
B. The source of expected results
C. The source for the actual results
D. The source of input conditions

正解：B

解説：
A test oracle is a mechanism or principle that can be used to determine whether the observed behavior or output of a system under test is correct or not1. A test oracle can be based on various sources of expected results, such as specifications, user expectations, previous versions, comparable systems, etc2. Reference: ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level (CTFL) v4.0 Syllabus, Section 1.2.1, Page 91; ISTQB Glossary of Testing Terms, Version 4.0, Page 332.

質問 # 295
Mark the correct sentences:
* Defects are a result of environmental conditions and are also referred to as "Failures"
* A human mistake may produce a defect
* A system mil totally fail to operate correctly when a failure exists in it
* When a defect exists in a system it may result in a failure
* Defects occur only as a result of technology changes

A. IV, V
B. II, III, IV
C. II, IV
D. I, II

正解：C

解説：
* The question is about marking the correct sentences among the given statements related to defects, failures, and mistakes. According to the ISTQB glossary, the definitions of these terms are1:
* Defect: A flaw in a component or system that can cause the component or system to fail to perform its required function, e.g. an incorrect statement or data definition. A defect, if encountered during execution, may cause a failure of the component or system.
* Failure: An event in which a component or system does not perform a required function within specified limits.
* Mistake: A human action that produces an incorrect result.
* Therefore, out of the five given statements, only two are correct, namely:
* A human mistake may produce a defect: This is true, as a mistake is a source or cause of a defect, e.g. a programmer may make a mistake in writing a code statement, which results in a defect in the software component.
* When a defect exists in a system it may result in a failure: This is true, as a defect is a potential or actual cause of a failure, e.g. a defect in the software component may cause the system to fail to perform a required function when the defect is encountered during execution.
* The other three statements are incorrect, namely:
* Defects are a result of environmental conditions and are also referred to as "Failures": This is false, as defects are not a result of environmental conditions, but of mistakes or other factors, and defects are not the same as failures, but rather the causes of failures.
* A system will totally fail to operate correctly when a failure exists in it: This is false, as a system may not necessarily fail completely or stop operating when a failure occurs, but may continue to operate with reduced functionality or performance, or with incorrect results.
* Defects occur only as a result of technology changes: This is false, as defects can occur due to various reasons, not only technology changes, such as human mistakes, design flaws, requirement changes, hardware failures, etc.
References:
* 1: ISTQB Glossary of Testing Terms 4.0, 2023, available at ISTQB) and ASTQB).

質問 # 296
Which of the following statements refers to a good testing practice that applies to all software development lifecycles?

A. Each test level should have its own specific test objectives that should be consistent with the software development lifecycle phase or type of activities it addresses.
B. All the tests should be automated and run as part of the continuous integration process with every software change
C. The most efficient and effective method of conveying information to and within a development team is face-to-face conversation.
D. Test analysis and design for any test levels should begin as soon as coding is complete, and all system components are available for testing

正解：A

解説：
Good testing practice dictates that each test level (e.g., unit testing, integration testing, system testing) should have distinct test objectives aligned with the phase of the software development lifecycle it addresses. This ensures that testing is effective and relevant at each stage. According to the ISTQB CTFL Syllabus v4.0, establishing clear test objectives that are consistent with the development phase helps in achieving specific goals and improving the overall quality of the software product.

質問 # 297
Which of the following statements is TRUE?

A. Acceptance criteria for user stones should focus on positive scenarios, while negative scenarios should be excluded
B. User acceptance tests are usually automated and aim to verify the acceptance criteria for user stories
C. Tests derived from acceptance criteria for user stories are not included in any of the four testing quadrants
D. Acceptance criteria for user stories can include details on data definitions, for example by describing the format, allowed values, and default values for a data item

正解：D

解説：
Acceptance criteria for user stories often include detailed specifications about data definitions, such as the format, allowed values, and default values for a data item. This helps ensure that the developed feature meets the expected requirements and provides a clear understanding for both developers and testers on what needs to be validated.

質問 # 298
......

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