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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Web Application Attacks | 19% | - Web Application Concepts and Attacks
|
| Cryptography and Post-Exploitation | 13% | - Post-Exploitation Techniques
|
| Information Security and Ethical Hacking Overview | 6% | - Ethical Hacking Overview
|
| Reconnaissance Techniques | 21% | - Scanning Networks
|
| Vulnerability Analysis | 7% | - Vulnerability Assessment Concepts
|
| Sniffing and Evasion | 10% | - Network Evasion
|
| Enumeration | 15% | - Enumeration Concepts
|
| Mobile Platform and IoT Attacks | 7% | - IoT and OT Attacks
|
| System Hacking | 17% | - System Hacking Methodologies
|
| Malware Threats | 8% | - Malware Analysis and Distribution
|
| Cloud and Container Attacks | 10% | - Cloud Computing Concepts
|
| Wireless Network Attacks | 9% | - Wireless Network Concepts
|
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NEW QUESTION # 244
A red team assessing a web-based procurement system used by providers in Rotterdam, Netherlands, discovers that the application filters common SQL keywords and rejects requests containing typical injection patterns.
During further testing, the tester alters how the request is interpreted by inserting encoded carriage-return and line-feed characters within the query string so that portions of the injected command appear on separate lines.
The modified request is processed by the backend system, allowing the injected SQL statement to execute despite signature-based filtering in the web application firewall.
How did the tester bypass the firewall filtering mechanism in this scenario?
Answer: C
Explanation:
The CRLF technique is the best match because the tester inserts encoded carriage-return and line-feed characters-typically represented as %0D and %0A -to separate or transform portions of the malicious SQL syntax. This can disrupt simplistic signature matching when a WAF normalizes or interprets the request differently from the backend application. OWASP ' s WAF-bypass examples explicitly include SQL injection strings containing encoded %0D%0A line breaks that split SQL keywords or query components. HPP duplicates parameters so different processing layers interpret them differently, while HPF fragments a payload across multiple parameters. Normalization attacks exploit discrepancies in decoding or canonicalization more generally. The source text ' s OCR rendering of the third option as "CALF" is clearly corrected here to CRLF
, matching the line-break behavior explicitly described in the scenario.
NEW QUESTION # 245
Robin, a professional hacker, targeted an organization's network to sniff all the traffic. During this process.
Robin plugged in a rogue switch to an unused port in the LAN with a priority lower than any other switch in the network so that he could make it a root bridge that will later allow him to sniff all the traffic in the network.
What is the attack performed by Robin in the above scenario?
Answer: C
Explanation:
STP prevents bridging loops in a redundant switched network environment. By avoiding loops, you can ensure that broadcast traffic does not become a traffic storm.
STP is a hierarchical tree-like topology with a "root" switch at the top. A switch is elected as root based on the lowest configured priority of any switch (0 through 65,535). When a switch boots up, it begins a process of identifying other switches and determining the root bridge. After a root bridge is elected, the topology is established from its perspective of the connectivity. The switches determine the path to the root bridge, and all redundant paths are blocked. STP sends configuration and topology change notifications and acknowledgments (TCN/TCA) using bridge protocol data units (BPDU).
An STP attack involves an attacker spoofing the root bridge in the topology. The attacker broadcasts out an STP configuration/topology change BPDU in an attempt to force an STP recalculation. The BPDU sent out announces that the attacker's system has a lower bridge priority. The attacker can then see a variety of frames forwarded from other switches to it. STP recalculation may also cause a denial-of-service (DoS) condition on the network by causing an interruption of 30 to 45 seconds each time the root bridge changes. An attacker using STP network topology changes to force its host to be elected as the root bridge.
NEW QUESTION # 246
Harry, a professional hacker, targets the IT infrastructure of an organization. After preparing for the attack, he attempts to enter the target network using techniques such as sending spear- phishing emails and exploiting vulnerabilities on publicly available servers. Using these techniques, he successfully deployed malware on the target system to establish an outbound connection. What is the APT lifecycle phase that Harry is currently executing?
Answer: B
NEW QUESTION # 247
A technology startup in San Jose, California, hosts multiple customer-facing applications behind a shared Nginx reverse proxy that distributes requests to different backend services.
During an authorized security assessment, an ethical hacker analyzes how the proxy routes incoming requests to internal application servers. While experimenting with crafted HTTP requests, the tester modifies certain header values before they reach the proxy. Under specific conditions, the proxy routes the request to an unexpected backend destination rather than the legitimate internal service.
Further analysis shows that the manipulated header causes the reverse proxy to alter its routing behavior, resulting in the client receiving content served from an attacker-controlled server instead of the intended backend application.
Identify the web server attack technique demonstrated in this scenario.
Answer: C
Explanation:
Frontjacking Attack is correct. CEH v13 Module 13 explicitly includes Frontjacking Attack within its Hacking Web Servers attack coverage alongside HTTP response splitting and web cache poisoning.
Frontjacking targets poorly configured reverse-proxy/shared-hosting environments, particularly Nginx configurations, by combining manipulated HTTP request/header behavior with routing weaknesses. A crafted Host-related request can cause the frontend proxy to serve attacker-controlled content while retaining the legitimate site ' s visible origin and security context. SecureFlag describes Frontjacking as combining CRLF injection, HTTP request-header injection, and XSS against a misconfigured reverse proxy; CYE likewise documents attacker-controlled backend content being displayed through the vulnerable frontend. The scenario
' s manipulated proxy routing is therefore characteristic of Frontjacking.
NEW QUESTION # 248
During a penetration test at Pacific Shipping Co. in Seattle, ethical hacker Mia Chen evaluates the defenses protecting the company's web-facing servers. She observes that the security system is not only checking basic packet headers but also validating session state and performing some application-level analysis. This multilayer approach makes it more difficult for Mia to bypass the firewall using simple fragmentation or tunneling attacks. Which type of firewall is Mia most likely facing?
Answer: A
Explanation:
A firewall that inspects packets, tracks session state, and performs some application-level analysis corresponds to a stateful multilayer inspection firewall, combining multiple inspection techniques to improve security.
NEW QUESTION # 249
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