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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Topic 1: Information Systems Auditing Process | 18% | - Execution
|
| Topic 2: Protection of Information Assets | 26% | - Security Event Management
|
| Topic 3: Information Systems Acquisition, Development and Implementation | 12% | - Information Systems Acquisition and Development
|
| Topic 4: Governance and Management of IT | 18% | - IT Management
|
| Topic 5: Information Systems Operations and Business Resilience | 26% | - Business Resilience
|
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NEW QUESTION # 1241
A manager identifies active privileged accounts belonging to staff who have left the organization.
Which of the following is the threat actor in this scenario?
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 1242
When a data center is attempting to restore computing facilities at an alternative site following a disaster, which of the following should be restored FIRST?
Answer: B
Explanation:
When a data center is attempting to restore computing facilities at an alternative site following a disaster, the operating system should be restored FIRST. Here's why:
* Operating System (OS):
* The OS is the foundation of any computing environment. It manages hardware resources, provides essential services, and allows applications to run.
* Restoring the OS ensures that the infrastructure is operational and ready for further recovery steps.
* Without a functional OS, applications cannot execute, and data backups cannot be effectively restored.
* Data Backups:
* While data backups are critical for recovery, they depend on a working infrastructure.
* If the OS is not operational, restoring data backups becomes challenging.
* Data backups should follow the OS restoration.
* Applications:
* Applications rely on the OS to function.
* Restoring applications before the OS may lead to compatibility issues or incomplete functionality.
* Applications should be restored after ensuring a stable OS environment.
* Decision Support System (DSS):
* DSS is an application category.
* It should follow the restoration of both the OS and critical applications.
In summary, prioritize restoring the operating system, which forms the basis for subsequent recovery steps12.
Once the OS is functional, proceed with data backups, applications, and other systems as needed.
NEW QUESTION # 1243
Which of the following term in business continuity determines the maximum tolerable amount of time needed to bring all critical systems back online after disaster occurs?
Answer: C
Explanation:
Explanation/Reference:
The recovery time objective (RTO) is the duration of time and a service level within which a business process must be restored after a disaster (or disruption) in order to avoid unacceptable consequences associated with a break in business continuity.
It can include the time for trying to fix the problem without a recovery, the recovery itself, testing, and the communication to the users. Decision time for users representative is not included.
The business continuity timeline usually runs parallel with an incident management timeline and may start at the same, or different, points.
In accepted business continuity planning methodology, the RTO is established during the Business Impact Analysis (BIA) by the owner of a process (usually in conjunction with the business continuity planner). The RTOs are then presented to senior management for acceptance.
The RTO attaches to the business process and not the resources required to support the process.
The RTO and the results of the BIA in its entirety provide the basis for identifying and analyzing viable strategies for inclusion in the business continuity plan. Viable strategy options would include any which would enable resumption of a business process in a time frame at or near the RTO. This would include alternate or manual workaround procedures and would not necessarily require computer systems to meet the RTOs.
For your exam you should know below information about RPO, RTO, WRT and MTD :
Stage 1: Business as usual
Business as usual
Image Reference - http://defaultreasoning.files.wordpress.com/2013/12/bcdr-01.png At this stage all systems are running production and working correctly.
Stage 2: Disaster occurs
Disaster Occurs
Image Reference - http://defaultreasoning.files.wordpress.com/2013/12/bcdr-02.png On a given point in time, disaster occurs and systems needs to be recovered. At this point the Recovery Point Objective (RPO) determines the maximum acceptable amount of data loss measured in time. For example, the maximum tolerable data loss is 15 minutes.
Stage 3: Recovery
Recovery
Image Reference - http://defaultreasoning.files.wordpress.com/2013/12/bcdr-03.png At this stage the system are recovered and back online but not ready for production yet. The Recovery Time Objective (RTO) determines the maximum tolerable amount of time needed to bring all critical systems back online. This covers, for example, restore data from back-up or fix of a failure. In most cases this part is carried out by system administrator, network administrator, storage administrator etc.
Stage 4: Resume Production
Resume Production
Image Reference - http://defaultreasoning.files.wordpress.com/2013/12/bcdr-04.png At this stage all systems are recovered, integrity of the system or data is verified and all critical systems can resume normal operations. The Work Recovery Time (WRT) determines the maximum tolerable amount of time that is needed to verify the system and/or data integrity. This could be, for example, checking the databases and logs, making sure the applications or services are running and are available.
In most cases those tasks are performed by application administrator, database administrator etc. When all systems affected by the disaster are verified and/or recovered, the environment is ready to resume the production again.
MTD
Image Reference - http://defaultreasoning.files.wordpress.com/2013/12/bcdr-05.png The sum of RTO and WRT is defined as the Maximum Tolerable Downtime (MTD) which defines the total amount of time that a business process can be disrupted without causing any unacceptable consequences. This value should be defined by the business management team or someone like CTO, CIO or IT manager.
The following answers are incorrect:
RPO - Recovery Point Objective (RPO) determines the maximum acceptable amount of data loss measured in time. For example, the maximum tolerable data loss is 15 minutes.
WRT - The Work Recovery Time (WRT) determines the maximum tolerable amount of time that is needed to verify the system and/or data integrity. This could be, for example, checking the databases and logs, making sure the applications or services are running and are available. In most cases those tasks are performed by application administrator, database administrator etc. When all systems affected by the disaster are verified and/or recovered, the environment is ready to resume the production again.
MTD - The sum of RTO and WRT is defined as the Maximum Tolerable Downtime (MTD) which defines the total amount of time that a business process can be disrupted without causing any unacceptable consequences. This value should be defined by the business management team or someone like CTO, CIO or IT manager.
The following reference(s) were/was used to create this question:
CISA review manual 2014 page number 284
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recovery_time_objective
http://defaultreasoning.com/2013/12/10/rpo-rto-wrt-mtdwth/
NEW QUESTION # 1244
The waterfall life cycle model of software development is most appropriately used when:
Answer: C
Explanation:
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
Historically, the waterfall model has been best suited to the stable conditions described in choice
A. When the degree of uncertainty of the system to be delivered and the conditions in which it will be used rises, the waterfall model has not been successful, in these circumstances, the various forms of iterative development life cycle gives the advantage of breaking down the scope of the overall system to be delivered, making the requirements gathering and design activities more manageable. The ability to deliver working software earlier also acts to alleviate uncertainty and may allow an earlier realization of benefits.
The choice of a design and programming approach is not itself a determining factor of the type of software development life cycle that is appropriate. The use of new technology in a project introduces a significant element of risk. An iterative form of development, particularly one of the agile methods that focuses on early development of actual working software, is likely to be the better option to manage this uncertainty.
NEW QUESTION # 1245
Which of the following findings from a network security review presents the GREATEST risk to the organization?
Answer: A
Explanation:
The best answer is A. There are shared administrator accounts on internet-facing routers.
Shared administrator accounts on internet-facing devices create a serious accountability, access control, and security exposure. ISACA access-control guidance stresses that access should be individually justified, authorized, logged, and monitored. Shared privileged accounts undermine attribution and make it much harder to determine who performed a change or malicious action. On internet-facing routers, this becomes especially serious because those devices sit at the network boundary and can be targeted directly.
Option B is a concern, but a test web page in the DMZ is usually less severe than weak privileged access on perimeter infrastructure. Option C and D both mention updates from within the last week. That timing matters: while prompt patching is important, the absence of updates released only last week is generally less risky than shared privileged accounts on external-facing network devices, especially when emergency testing and staged deployment may still be underway. ISACA patch guidance emphasizes risk assessment and testing before deployment.
Therefore, the correct answer is A, because shared privileged accounts on internet-facing routers present the greatest immediate security and audit risk.
References (Official ISACA):
ISACA, Audit Programs and Tools - Identity and Access Management Audit Program - access should be justified, authorized, logged, and monitored.
ISACA Journal, Selected COBIT 5 Processes for Essential Enterprise Security - supports strong identity and access governance. (Referenced through prior aligned ISACA IAM principles.) ISACA Journal, Addressing Cybersecurity Vulnerabilities - patching and vulnerability management must be risk-based and timely.
ISACA, Protecting SAP Systems in the Cybersecurity Era - patch management should include risk and applicability assessment before deployment.
NEW QUESTION # 1246
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