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| Section | Objectives |
|---|---|
| Operations Management Foundations | - Operations Strategy and Competitiveness - Introduction to Operations and Productivity |
| Forecasting and Planning | - Demand Forecasting Methods - Aggregate Planning |
| Process Design and Analysis | - Capacity Planning and Bottlenecks - Process Mapping and Flow |
| Supply Chain and Inventory Management | - Supply Chain Design and Logistics - Inventory Models and Control Systems - Just-in-Time (JIT) and Lean Operations |
| Quality Management | - Total Quality Management (TQM) - Six Sigma and Continuous Improvement |
| Project and Operations Scheduling | - Scheduling Techniques - Project Management Basics |
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NEW QUESTION # 11
Which work system acknowledges the benefits of employee proficiency?
Answer: D
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation (#250 words):
Labor specializationacknowledges the benefits of employee proficiency by allowing workers to focus on specific tasks, increasing skill, speed, and consistency.
In Operations Management, labor specialization:
* Reduces learning time
* Increases productivity
* Improves quality consistency
* Lowers unit costs
Employees become highly proficient through repetition and experience. This principle underpins early scientific management and remains relevant in many high-volume environments.
The other options are outcomes or enablers, not work systems:
* Employee longevity is a result, not a system
* Enhanced relations support performance but do not define task design
* Lower operating cost is a consequence of specialization
While specialization can create efficiency, it must be balanced with job design strategies (e.g., enrichment or rotation) to avoid fatigue and disengagement.
NEW QUESTION # 12
Which term means to schedule a job that starts immediately, regardless of the due date?
Answer: B
Explanation:
Forward schedulingmeans scheduling workas soon as resources are available, regardless of the job's due date.
In Operations Management:
* Forward scheduling starts at the current time
* Jobs are scheduled sequentially into the future
* Completion dates are determined after scheduling
This method is commonly used when:
* Capacity utilization is the priority
* Due dates are flexible
* Make-to-stock environments exist
In contrast:
* Backward schedulingstarts from the due date and works backward
* Finite loadingrespects capacity limits
* Infinite loadingignores capacity constraints
Forward scheduling ensures continuous resource use but may result in early job completion and higher inventory levels.
NEW QUESTION # 13
How does a just-in-time (JIT) system influence all functional areas within a company?
Choose 2 answers
Answer: C,E
Explanation:
A just-in-time (JIT) system influences all functional areas byreducing wasteanddeveloping new ways to generate revenue.
First,waste reductionis the most visible and immediate effect of JIT across the organization. JIT eliminates excess inventory, waiting time, overproduction, unnecessary movement, and defects. These improvements require coordination across operations, purchasing, logistics, marketing, and finance, ensuring that all functions align with lean principles.
Second, JIT enablesnew revenue-generation opportunitiesby improving responsiveness, quality, and delivery speed. When an organization becomes more flexible and reliable, it can:
* Offer shorter lead times
* Improve customer satisfaction
* Support customization
* Compete in higher-value market segments
The remaining options are either indirect outcomes or incorrect:
* Enhancing worker ability is a supporting mechanism, not the primary systemic influence
* Demonstrating intrinsic values is cultural, not an operational outcome
* Convenience-based participation contradicts JIT discipline
Operations Management highlights that JIT is anenterprise-wide system, not a production-only method. Its benefits materialize only when all functional areas operate in synchronization.
NEW QUESTION # 14
Which strategy is used by some emergency rooms to overcome customer frustrations about long waiting times?
Answer: A
Explanation:
Emergency rooms often usescreening and fast-tracking patients with minor ailmentsto reduce perceived and actual waiting times. This strategy is a well-establishedservice operations capacity-management technique.
From an Operations Management perspective, emergency departments facehigh variability in demand and processing times, which leads to congestion and long queues. Treating all patients strictly in arrival order (first-come, first-served) is operationally inefficient because patients require very different levels of care.
Fast-tracking works by:
* Separating low-complexity cases from critical cases
* Allocating dedicated resources to minor treatments
* Reducing bottlenecks at key treatment stages
This approach improvesflow efficiency, patient satisfaction, and throughput without increasing total capacity.
It aligns with queue management principles and the concept ofsegmented service design, where different customer needs are handled through different process paths.
The other options are inferior operationally:
* Scheduling follow-ups for severe cases is clinically unsafe
* Sending patients elsewhere shifts the problem, not solves it
* Strict arrival order ignores service-time variability
Fast-tracking addresses bothoperational efficiencyandperceived service quality, which is particularly critical in high-contact service systems such as healthcare.
NEW QUESTION # 15
A manufacturing firm uses warehouses and shippers in their supply chain.
At which stage of the firm's inventory management system would the statement
"percentage of line items shipped on schedule" be used?
Answer: A
Explanation:
The performance measure"percentage of line items shipped on schedule"applies tofinished goods inventory.
Finished goods inventory represents completed products ready for shipment to customers. On-time shipment is a critical service-level indicator at this stage because it directly affects:
* Customer satisfaction
* Order fulfillment performance
* Distribution efficiency
Work-in-progress and raw materials inventories are internal to production and do not involve customer shipment commitments. "Sold goods" is not an inventory classification used in Operations Management.
Supply chain metrics for finished goods typically include:
* On-time delivery rate
* Order accuracy
* Fill rate
* Shipment reliability
By tracking shipment performance at the finished goods stage, firms ensure that downstream distribution aligns with customer expectations and supply chain objectives.
NEW QUESTION # 16
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