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| Section | Objectives |
|---|---|
| Controlling Program Flow | - Work with records and sealed classes - Use switch expressions and pattern matching - Apply decision statements and loops |
| Java I/O and NIO | - Process file system resources - Use Path, Files, and related APIs - Read and write files |
| Handling Date, Time, Text, Numeric and Boolean Values | - Use date, time, duration, period, and localization APIs - Use String, StringBuilder, and related APIs - Work with primitive wrappers and number formatting |
| Java Concurrency | - Create and manage threads - Use virtual threads - Work with concurrent collections and executors |
| Functional Programming | - Use lambda expressions and method references - Process data using Stream API - Work with functional interfaces |
| Modules and Packaging | - Manage dependencies and exports - Create and use Java modules - Package and deploy applications |
| Annotations and JDBC | - Connect to databases using JDBC - Use built-in and custom annotations - Execute SQL operations and process results |
| Exception Handling | - Handle checked and unchecked exceptions - Create custom exceptions - Use try-with-resources |
| Object-Oriented Programming | - Implement encapsulation and abstraction - Apply inheritance and polymorphism - Create and use classes, interfaces, enums, and records |
| Collections and Generics | - Use List, Set, Map, Queue, and Deque implementations - Use sequenced collections and maps - Apply generics and bounded types |
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NEW QUESTION # 66
Given:
java
Optional o1 = Optional.empty();
Optional o2 = Optional.of(1);
Optional o3 = Stream.of(o1, o2)
.filter(Optional::isPresent)
.findAny()
.flatMap(o -> o);
System.out.println(o3.orElse(2));
What is the given code fragment's output?
Answer: C
Explanation:
In this code, two Optional objects are created:
* o1 is an empty Optional.
* o2 is an Optional containing the integer 1.
A stream is created from o1 and o2. The filter method retains only the Optional instances that are present (i.e., non-empty). This results in a stream containing only o2.
The findAny method returns an Optional describing some element of the stream, or an empty Optional if the stream is empty. Since the stream contains o2, findAny returns Optional[Optional[1]].
The flatMap method is then used to flatten this nested Optional. It applies the provided mapping function (o -
> o) to the value, resulting in Optional[1].
Finally, o3.orElse(2) returns the value contained in o3 if it is present; otherwise, it returns 2. Since o3 contains
1, the output is 1.
NEW QUESTION # 67
Given:
java
public class SpecialAddition extends Addition implements Special {
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println(new SpecialAddition().add());
}
int add() {
return --foo + bar--;
}
}
class Addition {
int foo = 1;
}
interface Special {
int bar = 1;
}
What is printed?
Answer: C
Explanation:
1. Why does the compilation fail?
* The interface Special contains bar as int bar = 1;.
* In Java, all interface fields are implicitly public, static, and final.
* This means that bar is a constant (final variable).
* The method add() contains bar--, which attempts to modify bar.
* Since bar is final, it cannot be modified, causing acompilation error.
2. Correcting the Code
To make the code compile, bar must not be final. One way to fix this:
java
class SpecialImpl implements Special {
int bar = 1;
}
Or modify the add() method:
java
int add() {
return --foo + bar; // No modification of bar
}
Thus, the correct answer is:Compilation fails.
References:
* Java SE 21 - Interfaces
* Java SE 21 - Final Variables
NEW QUESTION # 68
Given:
java
final Stream<String> strings =
Files.readAllLines(Paths.get("orders.csv"));
strings.skip(1)
.limit(2)
.forEach(System.out::println);
And that the orders.csv file contains:
mathematica
OrderID,Customer,Product,Quantity,Price
1,Kylian Mbappe,Keyboard,2,25.50
2,Teddy Riner,Mouse,1,15.99
3,Sebastien Loeb,Monitor,1,199.99
4,Antoine Griezmann,Headset,3,45.00
What is printed?
Answer: C,D
Explanation:
1. Why Does Compilation Fail?
* The error is in this line:
java
final Stream<String> strings = Files.readAllLines(Paths.get("orders.csv"));
* Files.readAllLines(Paths.get("orders.csv")) returns a List<String>,not a Stream<String>.
* A List<String> cannot be assigned to a Stream<String>.
2. Correcting the Code
* The correct way to create a stream from the file:
java
Stream<String> strings = Files.lines(Paths.get("orders.csv"));
* This correctly creates a Stream<String> from the file.
3. Expected Output After Fixing
java
Files.lines(Paths.get("orders.csv"))
skip(1) // Skips the header row
limit(2) // Limits to first two data rows
forEach(System.out::println);
* Output:
arduino
1,Kylian Mbappe,Keyboard,2,25.50
2,Teddy Riner,Mouse,1,15.99
Thus, the correct answer is:Compilation fails.
References:
* Java SE 21 - Files.readAllLines
* Java SE 21 - Files.lines
NEW QUESTION # 69
Given:
java
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
throw new IOException();
} catch (IOException e) {
throw new RuntimeException();
} finally {
throw new ArithmeticException();
}
}
What is the output?
Answer: B
Explanation:
In this code, the try block throws an IOException. The catch block catches this exception and throws a new RuntimeException. Regardless of exceptions thrown in the try or catch blocks, the finally block is always executed. In this case, the finally block throws an ArithmeticException.
When an exception is thrown in a finally block, it overrides any previous exceptions that were thrown in the try or catch blocks. Therefore, the ArithmeticException thrown in the finally block is the exception that propagates out of the method. As a result, the program terminates with an ArithmeticException.
NEW QUESTION # 70
Which of the following statements is correct about a final class?
Answer: A
Explanation:
In Java, the final keyword can be applied to classes, methods, and variables to impose certain restrictions.
Final Classes:
* Definition:A class declared with the final keyword is known as a final class.
* Purpose:Declaring a class as final prevents it from being subclassed. This is useful when you want to ensure that the class's implementation remains unchanged and cannot be extended or modified through inheritance.
Option Evaluations:
* A. The final keyword in its declaration must go right before the class keyword.
* This is correct. The syntax for declaring a final class is:
java
public final class ClassName {
// class body
}
* However, this statement is about syntax rather than the core characteristic of a final class.
* B. It must contain at least a final method.
* Incorrect. A final class can have zero or more methods, and none of them are required to be declared as final. The final keyword at the class level prevents inheritance, regardless of the methods' finality.
* C. It cannot be extended by any other class.
* Correct. The primary characteristic of a final class is that it cannot be subclassed. Attempting to do so will result in a compilation error.
* D. It cannot implement any interface.
* Incorrect. A final class can implement interfaces. Declaring a class as final restricts inheritance but does not prevent the class from implementing interfaces.
* E. It cannot extend another class.
* Incorrect. A final class can extend another class. The final keyword prevents the class from being subclassed but does not prevent it from being a subclass itself.
Therefore, the correct statement about a final class is option C: "It cannot be extended by any other class."
NEW QUESTION # 71
......
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