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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Topic 1: Pharmacy and Pharmacology | 13% | - Anatomy, physiology, pathophysiology related to agents - Controlled substance management - Drug classification, dosage calculation, administration routes - Preparation, dispensing, storage, safety and disposal |
| Topic 2: Pain Management / Analgesia | 7% | - Multimodal analgesia protocols - Pain assessment, pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic control |
| Topic 3: Diagnostic Imaging | 6% | - Ultrasound, other imaging modalities - Image quality assessment and documentation - Radiography: positioning, safety, technique |
| Topic 4: Animal Care and Nursing | 20% | - Physical examination, patient assessment - Specialized care for exotic, large or neonatal patients - Infection control, sanitation, isolation - Husbandry, nutrition, fluid therapy |
| Topic 5: Anesthesia | 13% | - Pre-anesthetic assessment and preparation - Anesthetic agents, equipment, monitoring - Recovery and emergency management |
| Topic 6: Dentistry | 7% | - Dental anatomy, disease recognition - Dental cleaning, polishing, radiography - Periodontal care and patient education |
| Topic 7: Emergency Medicine / Critical Care | 7% | - Triage, shock, respiratory/cardiac emergencies - Toxicology, trauma, first aid procedures |
| Topic 8: Communication and Veterinary Professional Support Services | 5% | - Medical records, ethics, legal and regulatory compliance - Practice management, team collaboration - Client education, communication techniques |
| Topic 9: Surgical Nursing | 13% | - Wound management, suture materials and techniques - Intraoperative and postoperative care - Surgical preparation, instrumentation, aseptic technique |
| Topic 10: Laboratory Procedures | 9% | - Parasitology, microbiology, cytology - Hematology, clinical chemistry, urinalysis - Sample collection, handling and processing |
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NEW QUESTION # 24
In veterinary medicine, what is a commonly used colloid?
Answer: C
Explanation:
VetStarch is a synthetic colloid frequently used in resuscitation during veterinary emergencies. It is a newer colloid with minimal coagulation impact, unlike hydroxyethyl starch and other older colloids.
Dextrose is sugar, commonly added to crystalloid fluids, thus, not a colloid. Hypertonic saline has many similar uses in emergency situations as colloids, but it is a crystalloid. Potassium chloride is a fluid additive, not a colloid.
NEW QUESTION # 25
Cats are at significantly more risk of toxicosis than dogs from which of the following medications?
Answer: B
Explanation:
Acetaminophen can be toxic to all species. Unlike several other companion animal species, cats lack a metabolic enzyme (glucuronidase), making acetaminophen particularly dangerous. Symptoms of acetaminophen toxicosis include vomiting, depression, tachypnea, dyspnea, methemoglobinemia, edema, and possibly death.
Cats and dogs have generally equivalent dosing on a mg/kg basis for the other medications listed.
Joanna M. Bassert, VMD. McCurnin's Clinical Textbook for Veterinary Technicians, 9th Edition. Pg 913.
Mosby's Comprehensive Review for Veterinary Technicians 5th Edition. Pg 430.
NEW QUESTION # 26
A 12-year-old MN Bichon presents to your emergency hospital with tachypnea, weakness, progressive exercise intolerance, a CRT of 2.5 seconds, and pallor. He has a history of a progressively worsening cough. He has a recently identified new cardiac murmur that his primary care veterinarian diagnosed as grade III/VI three months ago. He had no clinical signs of disease at that time. You auscult the patient on triage and hear crackles and wheezes in some fields but decreased overall lung sounds in others. He is dyspneic, and you administer oxygen therapy.
The ausculted lung sounds are likely consistent with what disease state?
Answer: A
Explanation:
Based on your auscultation and history, you are concerned the patient is in heart failure. And you would likely be correct, though confirmation would be needed via chest radiographs.
Pulmonary edema or fluid within the lung tissue arises in cases of left-sided congestive heart failure (cardiogenic), electrical shock (burns will be present in the mouth, non-cardiogenic), smoke inhalation (non-cardiogenic), strangulation (non-cardiogenic), airway obstruction (non-cardiogenic), fluid overload (excess IV fluids, cardiogenic), and possibly with some neoplasias.
The heart's pumping ability decreases in heart failure, and either backward or restricted flow occurs. This creates increased pressure resulting in fluid translocation from the interstitial spaces into the alveoli. Clinical signs include wheezing and crackles, and patients can be pale, even cyanotic. Coughing can also occur, though animals in failure can also cough with enlargement of the heart chambers, putting pressure on the carina.
Pleural effusion refers to fluid outside the lung tissue between the lungs and the body wall. Cats in congestive heart failure may have either edema or effusion. Neoplasias, trauma, anticoagulant rodenticides, and infection may also trigger effusions.
Patients with pulmonary contusions, or bruising in the lungs, often auscult normal to dull, and may or may not have crackles. Most commonly, this occurs with trauma such as a hit-by-car. Note that pulmonary contusions represent actual micro-hemorrhages to the alveoli due to trauma. Basically, the lung gets bruised just like any other body part but the blood ends up in the lung tissue interfering with gas exchange and causing hypoxia.
Blood can accumulate within the alveoli from causes other than contusions, such as secondary to bacterial pneumonia, anticoagulant rodenticide toxicosis, and coagulopathic disorders.
Finally, a pneumothorax is when air is trapped between the lung and the body wall. No crackles or wheezes would be ausculted, and lung sounds are often diminished or muffled dorsally. The patient will usually have short rapid inspirations and demonstrate dyspnea and tachypnea. This can occur spontaneously but is most commonly associated with trauma.
NEW QUESTION # 27
Which of the following is an opioid antagonist?
Answer: B
Explanation:
Naloxone hydrochloride is an opioid antagonist, meaning, it is administered to reverse opioid effects.
Hydromorphone, fentanyl, and morphine are opioid agonists.
NEW QUESTION # 28
Cattle may require claw amputations when foot diseases are too severe to treat. Claw amputation is performed with which of the following techniques for anesthesia?
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION # 29
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