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| Section | Objectives |
|---|---|
| Topic 1: FortiSwitch concepts | - Configure VLANs using FortiSwitch - Configure the ports required for stack deployment - Configure switch ports, split port, and available transceivers - Configure STP to prevent network loops - Use QoS and LLDP-MED on FortiSwitch - Configure switching and routing on FortiSwitch |
| Topic 2: Deployment and management | - Configure and provision FortiSwitch - Deploy and configure FortiSwitch in a multi-tenancy environment - Deploy FortiSwitch supported deployment topologies |
| Topic 3: Monitoring and troubleshooting | - Troubleshoot FortiLink issues - Use tools to view and extract network information from FortiSwitch - Use packet capturing methods to monitor and troubleshoot traffic issues - Interpret system logs, monitor port statistics, and diagnose connectivity issues |
| Topic 4: Layer 2 control and security | - Use ACLs, security profiles, and VLAN security mechanisms on FortiSwitch - Use port security options on FortiSwitch - Use filtering and antispoofing techniques on FortiSwitch |
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質問 # 92
Which drop policy mode, if assigned to a congested port, will drop incoming packets until there is no congestion on the egress port?
正解：B
解説：
Tail-drop mode is a congestion management technique used in network devices, including FortiSwitches, to handle congestion on network ports:
* Tail-Drop Mode (A):
* Behavior:When a queue reaches its maximum capacity on a congested port, tail-drop mode simply drops any incoming packets that arrive after the buffer is full. This continues until the congestion is alleviated and there is space in the queue to accommodate new packets.
* Application:This is a straightforward approach used when the device's buffer allocated to the port becomes full due to sustained high traffic, preventing buffer overflow and maintaining system stability.
References:For more details on congestion management techniques and settings on FortiSwitch, you can refer to the configuration manuals available on:Fortinet Product Documentation
質問 # 93
Refer to the exhibit.
The profile shown in the exhibit is assigned to a group of managed FortiSwitch ports, and these ports are connected to endpoints which are powered by PoE.
Which configuration action can you perform on the LLDP profile to cause these endpoints to exchange PoE information and negotiate power with the managed FortiSwitch?
正解：D
解説：
To cause endpoints to exchange PoE information and negotiate power with the managed FortiSwitch via LLDP, you should configure the LLDP profile to include power management in the advertised LLDP-MED TLVs. Here are the steps:
* Access the LLDP Profile Configuration:Start by entering the LLDP profile configuration mode with the command:
config switch-controller lldp-profile
edit " LLDP-PROFILE "
* Enable MED-TLVs:Ensure that MED-TLVs (Media Endpoint Discovery TLVs) are enabled. These TLVs are used for extended discovery relating to network policies, including PoE, and are essential for PoE negotiation. They include power management which is crucial for the negotiation of PoE parameters between devices. The command to ensure network policies are set might look like:
set med-tlvs network-policy
* Add Power Management TLV:Specifically add or ensure the power management TLV is part of the configuration. This will advertise the PoE capabilities and requirements, enabling dynamic power allocation between the FortiSwitch and the connected devices (like VoIP phones or wireless access points). This can typically be done within the network-policy settings:
config med-network-policy
edit < policy_index >
set poe-capability
next
end
* Save and Apply Changes:Exit the configuration blocks properly ensuring changes are saved:
End
* Verify Configuration:It's always good practice to verify that your configurations have been applied correctly. Use the appropriateshoworgetcommands to review the LLDP profile settings.
By adding the power management as part of LLDP-MED TLVs, the FortiSwitch will be able to communicate its power requirements and capabilities to the endpoints, thereby facilitating a dynamic power negotiation that is crucial for efficient PoE utilization.
References:For more detailed information and additional configurations, you can refer to the FortiSwitch Managed Switches documentation available on Fortinet's official documentation site:Fortinet Product Documentation
質問 # 94
Refer to the diagnostic output:
What makes the use of the sniffer command on the FortiSwitch CLI unreliable on__port__23?
正解：B
解説：
Page 452 of 7.2 study guide, specifically states "Although you can use the sniffer command to capture traffic on switch ports, the types of packets capture by the sniffer are very limited.
The use of the sniffer command on FortiSwitch CLI can be unreliable on port 23 for specific reasons related to the nature of traffic on the port:
D).The switch port might be used as a trunk member.When a switch port is configured as a trunk, it can carry traffic for multiple VLANs. If the sniffer is set up without specifying VLAN tags or a range of VLANs to capture, it may not accurately capture or display all the VLAN traffic due to the volume and variety of VLAN-tagged packets passing through the trunk port. This limitation makes using the sniffer on a trunk port unreliable for capturing specific VLAN traffic unless properly configured to handle tagged traffic.
References:
For guidelines on how to properly use sniffer commands on trunk ports and configure VLAN filtering, consult the FortiSwitch CLI reference available through Fortinet support channels, including theFortinet Knowledge Base.
質問 # 95
Refer to the exhibit.
You have just authorized a new FortiSwitch on your FortiGate, and it appears online in the GUI. To verify that FortiLink connectivity is healthy, what should you check next? (Choose one answer)
正解：C
解説：
According to theFortiOS 7.6 Study Guideand theFortiSwitch 7.6 FortiLink Guide, the health and stability of the control plane between a FortiGate and a managed FortiSwitch are maintained through a continuous keepalive mechanism. Once a FortiSwitch is authorized and transitions to theFL_STATE_READYstate (as shown in the debug output in the exhibit), the devices must ensure the management tunnel remains active.
The primary mechanism for this is theFortiLink heartbeat. The documentation specifies that a managed FortiSwitch sends heartbeat messages to the FortiGate every few seconds over the FortiLink interface. The FortiGate, acting as the controller, must acknowledge these heartbeats to confirm that the switch is still reachable and responding to management commands. If the FortiGate fails to receive a certain number of consecutive heartbeats, it will consider the switch " offline " in the GUI, even if physical link lights remain green.
Checking for these heartbeat exchanges is a critical troubleshooting step to verify that theCAPWAP(Control and Provisioning of Wireless Access Points) based management tunnel is functioning correctly without intermittent drops. Option A is incorrect as port disabling is a configuration choice, not a health check. Option C is incorrect because firmware updates are manual or scheduled, not automatic upon authorization. Option D is a logging function that relies on a healthy management tunnel but is not a direct measure of the FortiLink ' s operational health.
質問 # 96
You are configuring FortiSwitch to perform layer 3 inter-VLAN routing while managed by FortiGate over FortiLink. On supported hardware models, FortiSwitch can offload routing decisions for better performance.
1How does FortiSwitch perform routing between VLANs? (Choose one answer)
正解：A
解説：
According to theFortiSwitchOS 7.6 FortiLink Guideand theFortiSwitch 7.6 Study Guide, managed FortiSwitch units support a feature calledInter-VLAN Routing Offload. Traditionally, in a FortiLink deployment, traffic between VLANs is " hair-pinned " back to the FortiGate for routing and security inspection. However, to increase performance and reduce latency, the FortiGate can program the managed FortiSwitch to handle Layer 3 routing of trusted traffic locally.
The technical mechanism behind this performance gain is the use of theForwarding Information Base (FIB) programmed directly into the switch ' sASIC (Application-Specific Integrated Circuit). When routing offload is enabled (specifically using the set switch-controller-offload enable command on the VLAN interface), the FortiGate pushes the necessary routing table and gateway information to the switch hardware. This allows the FortiSwitch to perform packet lookups and forwarding decisions at wire speed within the silicon, bypassing the general-purpose CPU and the FortiLink control plane for that specific traffic flow.
The documentation notes that this feature requires anAdvanced Features Licenseon the tier-1 FortiSwitch and is typically applied to the switch closest to the FortiGate.2While dynamic routing (Option B) is supported on FortiSwitch, it is not theonlything offloaded; static routes and inter-VLAN gateway traffic are the primary use cases for this offload mechanism. Therefore, the correct architectural description is that the switch utilizes its hardware-based FIB to accelerate inter-VLAN communication.
質問 # 97
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