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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Topic 1: Access Control & Identity Management | 15% | - Role-based access control - User authentication and authorization - Security policies and procedures |
| Topic 2: Industrial Automation and Control Systems (IACS) Overview | 15% | - IACS components, architectures and protocols - Cybersecurity importance in industrial environments - Differences between IT and OT security |
| Topic 3: Security Operations & Incident Response | 20% | - Incident handling and response processes - Cybersecurity Management System (CSMS) - Monitoring, maintenance and continuous improvement |
| Topic 4: Security Fundamentals & ISA/IEC 62443 Framework | 20% | - Core security principles: CIA triad, defense-in-depth - Zones and conduits model - Structure and parts of ISA/IEC 62443 standards - Foundational security requirements |
| Topic 5: Industrial Network Security | 30% | - Threats, vulnerabilities and risk assessment - Industrial protocols security - Network segmentation and security architecture |
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質問 # 151
What does the first group of the ISA/IEC 62443 series focus on?
正解：D
解説：
The ISA/IEC 62443 standards are divided into four main groups: General, Policies and Procedures, System, and Component. The first group, "General," includes foundational standards and technical reports that provide essential concepts, models, terminology, and overall guidance for the rest of the series. This includes parts such as 62443-1-1 (concepts and models), 1-2 (glossary), 1-3 (metrics), and 1-4 (security lifecycle and use cases).
Reference: ISA/IEC 62443-1-1:2007, Section 4.1.2; Official 62443 series structure as published by ISA and IEC.
質問 # 152
Which steps are part of implementing countermeasures?
Available Choices (select all choices that are correct)
正解：A
質問 # 153
Whose responsibility is it to determine the level of risk an organization is willing to tolerate?
Available Choices (select all choices that are correct)
正解：D
解説：
According to the ISA/IEC 62443 standards, the level of risk an organization is willing to tolerate is determined by the management, as they are responsible for defining the business and risk objectives, as well as the security policies and procedures for the organization. The management also has the authority to allocate the necessary resources and assign the roles and responsibilities for implementing and maintaining the security program. The legal, operations, and safety departments may provide input and feedback to the management, but they do not have the final say in determining the risk tolerance level. References: ISA/IEC 62443-2-1:2010
- Establishing an industrial automation and control systems security program, section 4.2.1.
質問 # 154
Who must be included in a training and security awareness program?
Available Choices (select all choices that are correct)
正解：A
解説：
Modbus over Ethernet, also known as Modbus/TCP, is a protocol that encapsulates the Modbus/RTU data string inside the data section of the TCP frame. It then sets up a client/server exchange between nodes, using TCP/IP addressing to establish connections1. This makes it easy to manage in a firewall, because the firewall can filter the traffic based on the source and destination IP addresses and the TCP port number. The default TCP port for Modbus/TCP is 502, but it can be changed if needed. Modbus/TCP does not use any other ports or protocols, so the firewall rules can be simple and specific. References:
* 8: Open Modbus/TCP Specification, RTA Automation, 2010.
* [9]: Modbus Application Protocol Specification V1.1b3, Modbus Organization, 2012.
質問 # 155
Which is the PRIMARY responsibility of the network layer of the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model?
Available Choices (select all choices that are correct)
正解：D
解説：
The primary responsibility of the network layer of the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model is to forward packets, including routing through intermediate routers. The network layer is the third layer from the bottom of the OSI model, and it is responsible for maintaining the quality of the data and passing and transmitting it from its source to its destination. The network layer also assigns logical addresses to devices, such as IP addresses, and uses various routing algorithms to determine the best path for the packets to travel.
The network layer operates on packets, which are units of data that contain the source and destination addresses, as well as the payload. The network layer forwards packets from one node to another, using routers to switch packets between different networks. The network layer also handles host-to-host delivery, which means that it ensures that the packets reach the correct destination host.
The other choices are not correct because:
B). Gives transparent transfer of data between end users. This is the responsibility of the transport layer, which is the fourth layer from the bottom of the OSI model. The transport layer provides reliable and error-free data transfer between end users, using protocols such as TCP and UDP. The transport layer operates on segments, which are units of data that contain the source and destination port numbers, as well as the payload. The transport layer also handles flow control, congestion control, and multiplexing.
C). Provides the rules for framing, converting electrical signals to data. This is the responsibility of the data link layer, which is the second layer from the bottom of the OSI model. The data link layer provides the means for transferring data between adjacent nodes on a network, using protocols such as Ethernet and WiFi.
The data link layer operates on frames, which are units of data that contain the source and destination MAC addresses, as well as the payload. The data link layer also handles error detection, error correction, and media access control.
D). Handles the physics of getting a message from one device to another. This is the responsibility of the physical layer, which is the lowest layer of the OSI model. The physical layer provides the means for transmitting bits over a physical medium, such as copper wire, fiber optic cable, or radio waves. The physical layer operates on bits, which are the smallest units of data that can be either 0 or 1. The physical layer also handles modulation, demodulation, encoding, decoding, and synchronization.
References:
The OSI Model - The 7 Layers of Networking Explained in Plain English1
Network Layer in OSI Model2
OSI model3
質問 # 156
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