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| Section | Objectives |
|---|---|
| Topic 1: Scrum Theory and Empiricism | - Complex adaptive systems - Empirical process control - Scrum Values |
| Topic 2: The Scrum Framework | - Scrum Artifacts - Scrum Events - Scrum Roles |
| Topic 3: Product Backlog Management | - Stakeholder Management - Backlog Refinement |
| Topic 4: Facilitation and Coaching | - Facilitation - Teaching - Coaching |
| Topic 5: Scrum in the Organization | - Organizational Design and Culture - Scaling Scrum |
| Topic 6: Done and Undone Work | - Definition of Done |
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NEW QUESTION # 21
In what way does Scrum encourage ethical behaviour, doing "the right thing", in software development?
Answer:
Explanation:
Scrum encourages ethical behaviour in software development by creating a framework that promotes transparency, accountability, quality, and respect for stakeholders, all of which are grounded in the Scrum Values. Rather than prescribing ethical rules, Scrum embeds ethical behaviour into the way work is organized and delivered.
First, Scrum promotes ethics through its focus ondelivering valuable, high-quality working products. The Scrum Guide emphasizes delivering usable Increments that meet a shared Definition of Done. By prioritizing quality and value for both the organization and end-users, Scrum discourages practices such as cutting corners, hiding technical debt, or delivering misleading progress, which are ethically questionable.
Second, Scrum strongly supportstransparency, a core pillar of empiricism. All significant aspects of the work-such as progress, impediments, risks, and uncertainties-are made visible through artifacts and events.
This transparency encourages honesty about what can and cannot be achieved and prevents unethical behaviour such as misreporting status or concealing problems until it is too late.
Third, Scrum encouragesaccountabilityat both individual and team levels. Clear accountabilities for the Product Owner, Developers, and Scrum Master ensure that responsibility is not diffused or avoided. Teams are accountable for delivering value, improving their way of working, and meeting their commitments. This accountability fosters ethical decision-making and ownership of outcomes.
Fourth, Scrum supports ethical behaviour throughcontinuous learning and improvement. Sprint Retrospectives create a structured opportunity to reflect on mistakes, share knowledge, and improve processes and practices. This openness to learning promotes humility, integrity, and a willingness to correct issues rather than ignoring or rationalizing them.
Finally, Scrum is explicitly guided by theScrum Values of Commitment, Courage, Focus, Respect, and Openness, which form its ethical foundation.
* Commitmentencourages teams to do what they say they will do.
* Courageenables individuals to raise concerns, admit problems, and challenge unethical practices.
* Focushelps teams concentrate on delivering real value rather than superficial outputs.
* Respectensures consideration for colleagues, stakeholders, and end-users.
* Opennesspromotes honesty about progress, challenges, and uncertainty.
NEW QUESTION # 22
Technical systems can be decomposed to composite elements, from the large to the small. Basic components may be represented as activities, workflows, functions, features, capabilities, and other similar nomenclature.
How does this system decomposition affect Scrum Teams on scaled projects?
Answer:
Explanation:
Technical systems are often decomposed into smaller elements such as activities, workflows, functions, features, or components to manage complexity. While decomposition is necessary for understanding and building large systems, it has significant implications forScrum Teams, especially inscaled environments.
1. Risk of Component-Centric Team Structures
When system decomposition drives team structure, organizations often createcomponent or specialist teams aligned to technical layers or functions. In scaled Scrum, this increases:
* Dependencies between teams,
* Coordination overhead,
* Integration risk.
Such structures make it difficult for teams to deliverend-to-end, integrated Incrementseach Sprint, weakening empiricism and delaying feedback.
2. Impact on Value Delivery and Inspection
Scrum relies on frequent inspection ofworking product Increments. If work is decomposed into narrowly defined technical components, individual teams may only deliver partial outputs rather than usable value. This reduces transparency and makes meaningful inspection at the product level harder, especially when multiple teams are involved.
3. Preference for Feature-Oriented Decomposition
Scrum favors decomposing work intovertical, value-oriented slices(features or capabilities) rather than horizontal technical layers. This allows each Scrum Team to be:
* Cross-functional,
* Capable of delivering usable Increments independently,
* Less dependent on other teams.
In scaled projects, feature-oriented decomposition reduces dependencies and improves flow.
4. Effects on Integration and Empiricism
Poor decomposition increases the cost of integration and often leads to late or infrequent integration. Scrum requires that integration happensearly and often, as unintegrated work is not "Done." In scaled Scrum, decomposition choices directly influence whether integration is continuous or deferred, with major implications for risk control.
5. Organizational and Learning Implications
System decomposition also affects learning and adaptability. When teams own complete features rather than isolated components, they gain a better understanding of:
* Customer needs,
* System behavior,
* Trade-offs across the product.
This broader understanding improves decision-making and supports continuous improvement across the system.
NEW QUESTION # 23
Every Sprint has a Sprint Review. What is the purpose and result of this event?
Answer:
Explanation:
TheSprint Reviewis a formal Scrum Event held at the end of each Sprint toinspect the outcome of the Sprint andadapt the Product Backlogif needed. Its primary purpose is to enable empirical decision-making by involving both theScrum Team and stakeholdersin inspecting the product and determining what to do next.
Purpose of the Sprint Review
The main purpose of the Sprint Review is toinspect the "Done" Product Incrementin the context of overall product progress. During this event:
* The Scrum Team presents the Increment that meets the Definition of Done.
* The Developers explain what was delivered, what was not delivered, and the challenges encountered.
* Stakeholders activelyinspect the product, often by using it, rather than reviewing documents or reports.
This inspection provides real, hands-on feedback and creates a shared understanding of the current state of the product and its direction.
Result of the Sprint Review
The Sprint Review results inheightened transparencyfor all participants. By jointly inspecting the Increment, new insights emerge about customer needs, market conditions, risks, and opportunities. These insights inform conversations aboutwhat is needed next.
Based on this shared understanding:
* TheProduct Owner collaborates with stakeholders and the Scrum Teamto adapt and update the Product Backlog.
* Completed work is accepted or further work is identified.
* New Product Backlog Items may be added, reordered, or refined to reflect the latest understanding of the product.
The Sprint Review does not aim to approve or reject work formally, but to enable learning and adaptation.
NEW QUESTION # 24
Your Scrum Team has one month Sprints. The development team argues that since this period is quite long, a Daily Scrum isa bit too much. They instead want a weekly update meeting. What is your opinion on this?
Answer:
Explanation:
From a Scrum Master's perspective, replacing the Daily Scrum with a weekly update meeting isnot consistent with Scrumand would significantly weaken the team's ability to inspect and adapt effectively, regardless of the Sprint length.
First, Scrum explicitly defines theDaily Scrum as a required event. The Scrum Guide states that the Daily Scrum is a 15-minute event held every working day of the Sprint for the Developers. The length of the Sprint-whether one week or one month-does not change the purpose or necessity of this event. Therefore, by choosing not to have a Daily Scrum, the team wouldno longer be practicing Scrum, but rather a Scrum- like process.
Second, the Daily Scrum isnot a status meeting. Its primary purpose is to allow the Developers toinspect progress toward the Sprint Goal, synchronize their work, andadapt the Sprint Backlogas needed. A weekly meeting dramatically reduces the frequency of inspection and adaptation, delaying the discovery of issues such as integration problems, misalignment, or risks to the Sprint Goal.
Third, removing the Daily Scrum negatively impactstransparency, one of Scrum's three pillars of empiricism. Without daily synchronization, important information about progress, impediments, and discoveries becomes stale or hidden. This reduced transparency increases the likelihood that work will drift away from agreed standards, fail to integrate properly, or no longer support the Sprint Goal by the end of the Sprint.
Fourth, the argument that a one-month Sprint justifies less frequent inspection reflects a misunderstanding of empiricism. Longer Sprintsincrease risk, which makes frequent inspection and adaptation more important, not less. The Daily Scrum provides a regular opportunity to realign the team and respond early to emerging problems, thereby reducing waste and rework.
Finally, as a Scrum Master, my role is toteach and coachthe Scrum Team on the purpose and value of Scrum events. Rather than removing the Daily Scrum, I would help the Developers improve how they use it-for example, ensuring it focuses on progress toward the Sprint Goal and actionable planning for the next 24 hours, instead of turning into a reporting session.
NEW QUESTION # 25
The Product Owner asks the Development Team to pick up a very urgent item late in Sprint that was not forecasted, nor is itrelated to the Sprint Goal. The Development Team believes it can pick this up, as it is close to meeting the Sprint Goal. But, thiswould involve not meeting their process improvement goal agreed upon during the last Sprint Retrospective. The ProductOwner argues that, as it's the highest priority to satisfy the customer, the needs of the customer have a higher priority than theprocess improvement goal for the team.
What is your view on this as a Scrum Master?
Answer:
Explanation:
From a Scrum Master's perspective, this situation must be approached by balancingrespect for Scrum accountabilities,protection of empiricism, andlong-term value delivery, rather than reacting solely to short- term urgency.
First, it is important to reaffirm that theDevelopment Team owns the Sprint Backlog. According to the Scrum Guide, once the Sprint has started, changes to the Sprint Backlog are negotiatedonly between the Product Owner and the Development Team, and the Development Team has thefinal sayon whether additional work can be taken on. Therefore, the Product Owner cannot unilaterally force the urgent item into the Sprint, even if it represents the highest customer priority. If the Development Team believes it can incorporate the item without jeopardizing the Sprint Goal, it may choose to do so-but this remains their decision.
Second, the Scrum Master should help the Product Owner understand thatnot all priorities are equal within a Sprint. The Sprint Goal provides focus and stability, and work that is not related to the Sprint Goal introduces risk. While satisfying the customer is important, Scrum explicitly valuessustainable improvement and learning. The process improvement goal agreed upon during the Sprint Retrospective represents a deliberate investment in the team's effectiveness. Sacrificing this improvement for short-term delivery may create a local optimization thatharms long-term customer value.
Third, the Scrum Master should coach both the Product Owner and the Development Team on thesystemic impact of slowing process improvements. Continuous improvement is a core expectation of Scrum, and the Scrum Guide states that the Scrum Team should plan ways to increase quality and effectiveness. When improvement goals are repeatedly deprioritized, delivery predictability, quality, and morale eventually decline-directly affecting customers. Therefore, the Product Owner's argument that customer needs always outweigh improvement work reflects ashort-term mindsetthat the Scrum Master should challenge through education and coaching.
Fourth, this situation should beinspected during the Sprint Retrospective. The team should reflect on why urgent, unplanned work appears late in the Sprint, whether it represents a recurringpattern, and how this impacts Sprint Goals and improvement commitments. The Scrum Master should facilitate this discussion to ensure transparency and learning, rather than blame.
Finally, if this behavior becomes a pattern, the Scrum Master must take a more active stance. This includes teaching and reminding the Scrum Team that at least one improvement from the Sprint Retrospective should be planned into the upcoming Sprint. This protects the intent of the Retrospective and ensures that improvement is not treated as optional or expendable work.
NEW QUESTION # 26
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