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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Topic 1: Budgeting and Decision Making | 10–15% | - Relevant information for decision making
|
| Topic 2: Controls and Regulations | 10–15% | - Internal control systems and principles
|
| Topic 3: Profit Planning | 10–15% | - Cost-volume-profit (CVP) analysis
|
| Topic 4: Financial Analysis | 45–50% | - Purpose and components of financial statements
|
| Topic 5: Cost Systems | 20–25% | - Cost concepts and classification
|
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問題 #43
Which ratio provides a measure of how well a company turns sales into profits?
答案：C
解題說明：
The correct answer is A. Return on sales . Return on sales, also called profit margin or net profit margin , measures how effectively a company converts sales revenue into net income. It is commonly calculated as Net income ÷ Sales . OpenStax explains that this ratio shows how much of each sales dollar remains as profit after all expenses, including taxes, have been deducted. A higher ratio generally indicates stronger profitability and better cost control relative to revenue.
Option B, return on costs , is not the standard ratio named in basic financial analysis for this purpose. Option C, return on expenses , is also not the conventional measure used in the ratio formulas you listed. Option D, return on profit , is not a recognized standard profitability ratio in introductory accounting frameworks.
Since the question asks specifically about how well a company turns sales into profits , the ratio that directly measures that relationship is return on sales . This ratio is widely used in financial statement analysis to compare operating performance across periods and across firms, especially within the same industry.
問題 #44
During the year, a company purchased goods on a credit basis for its supplies of $750.
What would be the impact on the accounting equation and financial statement?
答案：B
解題說明：
The correct answer is C. Increase in assets by $750 and increase in liability by $750 . When a company purchases supplies on credit, it receives an asset now and promises to pay later. The supplies increase the company's assets , and the amount owed to the seller increases liabilities , usually as accounts payable. This keeps the accounting equation balanced:
Assets = Liabilities + Equity
Here, assets rise by $750 and liabilities also rise by $750 , while equity is unchanged at the time of purchase.
OpenStax explains that buying items on account increases the related asset and increases accounts payable.
Option A is incorrect because liabilities do not decrease. Option B is incorrect because assets do not decrease when the company receives supplies. Option D is incorrect because neither side decreases at the moment of purchase. The expense is not recognized immediately unless the supplies are consumed; initially, the company records the asset and the obligation. This is a common transaction used to show how dual effects maintain balance in the accounting equation. Therefore, the correct impact is an increase in assets and an equal increase in liabilities , which is Option C .
問題 #45
A corporation has liabilities and owners' equity of $100 million and $40 million respectively. What is the amount of the asset balance in this case?
答案：C
解題說明：
The correct answer is D. $140 million . This question is solved using the basic accounting equation :
Assets = Liabilities + Owners' Equity
The company has $100 million in liabilities and $40 million in owners' equity. Adding these together gives:
Assets = $100 million + $40 million = $140 million
Therefore, the asset balance must be $140 million . This relationship is fundamental in accounting because every recorded transaction must keep the accounting equation in balance. Authoritative accounting materials explain that assets are financed by two main sources: liabilities, which represent creditors' claims, and equity, which represents owners' claims.
Option A, B, and C are incorrect because they do not satisfy the accounting equation. In financial statement analysis, this equation is the foundation of the balance sheet and helps users understand how a business finances its resources. When liabilities increase or equity increases, total assets must reflect those financing sources. Since both liabilities and owners' equity together total $140 million , assets must also total $140 million . That makes Option D the only correct choice.
問題 #46
A company has projected the following sales for the spring quarter of a year:
April = $300,000
May = $325,000
June = $375,000
Cash is used to pay for 65% of all sales. The remainder is on credit.
The pattern for credit receivables collections is as follows:
* Month of sale = 60%
* Month after sale = 30%
* Second month after sale = 10%
What are the projected cash sales for all three months of the spring quarter?
答案：D
解題說明：
The correct answer is D. $650,000 . The question asks for projected cash sales for all three months of the spring quarter , not total cash collections including receivables from credit sales. Since 65% of all sales are cash sales , simply multiply total spring-quarter sales by 65%.
First, calculate total sales for April through June:
$300,000 + $325,000 + $375,000 = $1,000,000
Now calculate the cash-sales portion:
65% × $1,000,000 = $650,000
Therefore, the projected cash sales for the quarter are $650,000 .
The credit collection percentages are not needed for this specific question because it asks only about cash sales , not total cash receipts. Those credit collection percentages would matter if the question asked for cash collections by month or by quarter from both current and prior credit sales.
Because 65% of the quarter's $1,000,000 total sales are made in cash, the projected cash sales amount is
$650,000 , which makes Option D correct.
問題 #47
A manufacturer produces three products A, B, and C.
The company uses the following information to determine activity rates for each pool.
Cost Pool
Costs
Total Activity
Pool 1
$300,000
20,000 hours
Pool 2
$20,000
500 pounds
Pool 3
$10,000
100 moves
Data concerning the three products appear in the following table.
Cost Driver
Product A
Product B
Product C
Number of hours
10,000
7,500
2,500
Number of pounds
150
250
100
Number of moves
20
40
50
What is the total amount of overhead applied to Product B?
答案：B
解題說明：
The correct answer is B. $126,500 . Under activity-based costing (ABC) , each cost pool gets its own activity rate, and then overhead is applied to the product based on that product's actual use of each activity. OpenStax and ACCA both describe ABC as assigning overhead through multiple activity pools and cost drivers rather than one broad rate.
First compute the rate for each pool:
Pool 1 rate = $300,000 / 20,000 hours = $15 per hour
Pool 2 rate = $20,000 / 500 pounds = $40 per pound
Pool 3 rate = $10,000 / 100 moves = $100 per move
Now apply those rates to Product B :
Hours: 7,500 × $15 = $112,500
Pounds: 250 × $40 = $10,000
Moves: 40 × $100 = $4,000
Total overhead for Product B = $112,500 + $10,000 + $4,000 = $126,500
Option C, $158,000 , is actually the overhead for Product A, which is a classic trap in this question. Because ABC assigns overhead based on each product's own activity consumption, Product B's correct total overhead is $126,500 .
問題 #48
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