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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Clinical Management | 57% | - Management of complications and metabolic disorders - Transition between nutrition support modalities - Monitoring, evaluation and adjustment of nutrition therapy - Parenteral nutrition: access, formulation, compounding, administration - Enteral nutrition: selection, access, formulation, administration |
| Professional Practice | 7% | - Education, counseling and patient advocacy - Legal and professional responsibilities - Ethics, scope of practice and interprofessional collaboration |
| Process Management | 5% | - Safety, compliance and regulatory standards - Guidelines, protocols and quality improvement - Documentation, ordering and inventory management |
| Nutrition Assessment | 31% | - Anthropometric, biochemical, clinical and dietary assessment - Assessment of disease impact on nutrition status - Patient screening and risk identification - Determination of nutrition requirements and goals |
どんな困難にあっても、諦めないです。NBNSC-CNSC試験は難しいと言えば、解決法があります。解決法はNBNSC-CNSC問題集は購入することです。NBNSC-CNSC問題集の的中率が高くて、多くの人はNBNSC-CNSC試験に合格しました。NBNSC-CNSC問題集の特徴は便利で使い安いです。そして、短い時間で勉強し、NBNSC-CNSC試験に参加できます。もし、あなたもNBNSC-CNSC問題集を購入すれば、試験に合格できますよ。
質問 # 24
Eating contaminated foods such as undercooked hamburger, ground poultry and unpasteurized milk and apple juice can create all of the following symptoms except:
正解：B
解説：
Eating foods that have been contaminated by certain bacteria, viruses, or parasites can lead to a variety of gastrointestinal symptoms due to foodborne illnesses. Common culprits of contamination include undercooked meats like hamburger and ground poultry, as well as unpasteurized milk and apple juice. These foods can harbor harmful pathogens such as E. coli, Salmonella, and Listeria, which are known to cause sickness in humans.
Typical symptoms of foodborne illnesses include abdominal cramps, watery diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting. These symptoms occur as the body's immune system responds to the invading pathogens. The severity and specific symptoms can vary based on the type of pathogen involved, the amount ingested, and the individual's health and immune system.
Abdominal cramps are a common symptom and result from the intestines responding to the infection. This can cause moderate to severe discomfort and is often accompanied by bloating and gas.
Watery diarrhea is another frequent symptom of foodborne illnesses. It occurs as the body attempts to rid itself of the pathogens and toxins. Diarrhea can lead to dehydration, which is why maintaining fluid intake is crucial during an illness.
Nausea and vomiting are also typical responses to foodborne pathogens. These symptoms help expel contaminated food from the stomach and can occur alongside other symptoms like abdominal cramps and diarrhea.
However, decreased thirst is not a common symptom of foodborne illnesses. In fact, it is generally the opposite; increased thirst may occur due to the body's need to replace fluids lost from diarrhea and vomiting. Dehydration is a risk with foodborne illnesses, and it is crucial for individuals to drink plenty of fluids to help manage and recover from the illness. Therefore, the symptom "decreased thirst" does not belong to the typical profile of symptoms caused by the consumption of contaminated foods and is the correct answer to the question about which symptom is not caused by eating such foods.
質問 # 25
Which of the following foods is a source of polyunsaturated fatty acids?
正解：B
解説：
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are essential fats that the human body cannot produce on its own and must obtain through diet. These fats are crucial for cell function and the regulation of various bodily processes, including inflammation and blood clotting. Foods rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids are considered beneficial for heart health as they can help reduce cholesterol levels and lower the risk of heart disease.
Safflower oil is a notable source of polyunsaturated fatty acids. It is derived from the seeds of the safflower plant and is highly valued for its nutritional benefits. Safflower oil primarily contains linoleic acid, which is a type of omega-6 polyunsaturated fat. Regular consumption of safflower oil can contribute to maintaining healthy cholesterol levels, which in turn supports cardiovascular health.
In contrast to safflower oil, other food items like coconut, canola oil, and avocados contain different types of fats. Coconut is predominantly a source of saturated fats, which are typically solid at room temperature and can raise levels of bad cholesterol in the blood when consumed in excess. Canola oil and avocados, on the other hand, are rich in monounsaturated fats, which are considered heart-healthy fats. Monounsaturated fats can help reduce bad cholesterol levels and are beneficial for heart health.
Thus, among the options given - safflower oil, coconut, avocados, and canola oil - safflower oil is the clear source of polyunsaturated fatty acids. This makes it an excellent choice for those looking to enhance their intake of essential, heart-healthy fats.
質問 # 26
Which of the following herbal remedies might you suggest to a client for migraine headaches?
正解：A
解説：
Among the herbal remedies listed, feverfew is suggested as the most suitable for managing migraine headaches. This recommendation is supported by substantial scientific research, which indicates that feverfew not only helps in treating but also in preventing migraine attacks.
Feverfew, a medicinal plant with a long history of use in European folk medicine, has been traditionally employed not just for migraines but also for conditions such as arthritis and fevers. The primary active ingredients in feverfew, such as parthenolide and other sesquiterpene lactones, are believed to contribute to its therapeutic effects. These compounds can help in reducing inflammation, which is a significant factor in migraine headaches, and inhibit the release of serotonin and prostaglandins, which are involved in the migraine process.
The efficacy of feverfew in migraine prevention has been evidenced in several clinical trials, where it has been shown to decrease the frequency of migraines in some individuals. Regular consumption of feverfew as a prophylactic treatment has helped many patients reduce the number of migraine attacks, as well as their severity.
It is important to note that while feverfew is generally considered safe, it should be used cautiously. As with any herbal supplement, potential interactions with other medications and side effects are possible. Common side effects include gastrointestinal disturbances, and there is also a risk of allergic reactions. Therefore, it is advisable to consult with a healthcare provider before starting any new treatment regimen, including herbal remedies like feverfew.
In contrast, other herbs mentioned such as ginkgo biloba, celery seed, and bilberry, while beneficial for other health issues, do not have substantial evidence supporting their use in migraine treatment specifically. Ginkgo biloba is more commonly associated with cognitive enhancement and circulation improvement, celery seed with anti-inflammatory properties and blood pressure reduction, and bilberry with eye health and blood circulation improvements. Hence, when specifically addressing migraine headaches, feverfew stands out as the most supported herbal remedy among those listed.
質問 # 27
As important as good nutrition is to health, a counselor should not lose sight of the fact that other practices can have a profound negative impact on health. They include all of the following except:
正解：B
解説：
The question is about identifying which among the listed options does not have a negative impact on health. In the context of counseling and health, it's crucial to recognize both beneficial and harmful practices.
The first option, "cigarette smoking," is widely recognized as harmful. Smoking is a major cause of preventable diseases and deaths. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), smoking is responsible for more than 480,000 deaths per year in the United States, including deaths from direct smoking and secondhand smoke exposure. Smoking harms nearly every organ in the body, causes many diseases, and reduces overall health.
The second option, "drinking plenty of water," stands out as the only practice in the list that has a positive impact on health. Hydration is essential for maintaining bodily functions, including regulation of body temperature, joint lubrication, and transport of nutrients. Adequate water intake is vital for good health, and it helps prevent conditions such as kidney stones, constipation, and urinary tract infections.
The third option, "physical inactivity," is a known health risk. Lack of physical activity has been linked to numerous health problems, such as obesity, heart disease, diabetes, and some cancers. The World Health Organization (WHO) has identified physical inactivity as the fourth leading risk factor for global mortality, causing an estimated 3.2 million deaths globally each year.
The fourth option, "excessive alcohol," is also detrimental to health. Excessive alcohol consumption can lead to liver disease, heart disease, and certain types of cancer, as well as acute consequences like alcohol poisoning and accidents. The CDC notes that excessive alcohol use leads to approximately 95,000 deaths in the United States each year.
In conclusion, among the options provided, "drinking plenty of water" is the only one that does not have a negative impact on health and, in fact, is a recommended practice for maintaining good health. The other options-cigarette smoking, physical inactivity, and excessive alcohol-are all practices that can profoundly impact health negatively.
質問 # 28
If a person is on a low-residue diet, he or she should avoid which of the following?
正解：B
解説：
A low-residue diet is designed to reduce the frequency and volume of stools while extending the time these stools remain in the intestines. This diet is typically recommended for individuals with digestive tract conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), diverticulitis, or other conditions that may require bowel rest. It minimizes the intake of foods that add bulk to stools, which includes a significant reduction in fiber.
Fiber, which is crucial for regular bowel movements under normal circumstances, is found in high amounts in foods like fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and legumes. On a low-residue diet, the goal is to decrease fiber intake to lessen bowel activity. Dried fruits, in particular, are very high in fiber and are concentrated sources of it, as the dehydration process removes water, leaving behind a higher proportion of fiber and sugars.
Therefore, when considering which foods to avoid on a low-residue diet, dried fruits are a prime candidate. They not only have a high fiber content but also often contain skins and seeds, which can further irritate the digestive tract. In addition to dried fruits, other high-fiber foods such as fresh fruits and vegetables (especially those with skins and seeds), whole-grain breads, cereals, legumes, and tough, fibrous meats should also be avoided.
The diet might also exclude other items that could exacerbate symptoms or lead to increased residue in the colon. These include coconut, marmalade (which contains fruit peels), rich pastries (which can be high in fat and hard to digest), and dairy products if they exacerbate symptoms. Some forms of meat, particularly those with connective tissues and tougher cuts, and any vegetables with potentially indigestible skins, like potatoes, are also to be avoided unless properly peeled and cooked to a soft texture.
In summary, for a person on a low-residue diet, avoiding dried fruits is essential due to their high fiber content and potential to cause digestive discomfort. This diet requires careful selection of foods that are low in fiber and easy on the digestive system to reduce bowel activity and irritation.
質問 # 29
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NUTRITIONの認証資格は最近ますます人気になっていますね。国際的に認可された資格として、NUTRITIONの認定試験を受ける人も多くなっています。その中で、NBNSC-CNSC認定試験は最も重要な一つです。では、この試験に合格するためにどのように試験の準備をしているのですか。がむしゃらに試験に関連する知識を勉強しているのですか。それとも、効率が良い試験NBNSC-CNSC参考書を使っているのですか。
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