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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Topic 1: Application Deployment | 20% | - Use Helm package manager - Work with Kustomize - Manage Deployments, rolling updates and rollbacks - Implement deployment strategies |
| Topic 2: Application Design and Build | 20% | - Define, build and modify container images - Understand multi-container Pod design patterns - Choose and use appropriate workload resources - Utilize persistent and ephemeral volumes |
| Topic 3: Services and Networking | 20% | - Understand and apply NetworkPolicies - Use Ingress rules - Expose applications via Services - Troubleshoot network access |
| Topic 4: Application Observability and Maintenance | 15% | - Debug applications in Kubernetes - Understand API deprecations - Work with container logs - Monitor applications using CLI tools - Implement probes and health checks |
| Topic 5: Application Environment, Configuration and Security | 25% | - Apply application security settings - Use ServiceAccounts - Understand authentication, authorization and admission control - Create and consume Secrets - Work with ConfigMaps - Configure resource requirements, limits and quotas - Use custom resources and extensions |
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NEW QUESTION # 191
You are asked to prepare a canary deployment for testing a new application release.
You must connect to the correct host . Failure to do so may result in a zero score.
[candidate@base] $ ssh ckad00023
Modify the Deployments so that:
a maximum number of 10 Pods run in the moose namespace.
20% of the chipmunk-service 's traffic goes to the canary-chipmunk-deployment Pod (s).
The Service is exposed on NodePort 30000. To test its load- balancing, run
[candidate@ckad00023]
$ curl http://localhost:30000/
or open this URL in the remote desktop's browser.
Answer:
Explanation:
See the Explanation below for complete solution.
Explanation:
ssh ckad00023
You need two outcomes in moose:
* At most 10 Pods total (across both Deployments).
* About 20% of chipmunk-service traffic goes to canary-chipmunk-deployment.
In Kubernetes Services, traffic distribution is (roughly) proportional to the number of ready endpoints behind the Service. So the standard canary trick is:
* total endpoints = 10
* canary endpoints = 2
* current endpoints = 8That gives ~20% to canary.
1) Inspect what exists
kubectl -n moose get deploy
kubectl -n moose get svc chipmunk-service -o wide
kubectl -n moose describe svc chipmunk-service
Get the Service selector (important):
kubectl -n moose get svc chipmunk-service -o jsonpath='{.spec.selector}{"\n"}' Check current replicas:
kubectl -n moose get deploy current-chipmunk-deployment -o jsonpath='{.spec.replicas}{"\n"}' kubectl -n moose get deploy canary-chipmunk-deployment -o jsonpath='{.spec.replicas}{"\n"}' List pods + labels (to confirm both Deployments' pods match the Service selector):
kubectl -n moose get pods --show-labels
2) Ensure both Deployments are behind the Service
This is the key: the pods from BOTH deployments must match the Service selector.
* If the Service selector is something like app=chipmunk, then both Deployments' pod templates must include app: chipmunk.
* If one Deployment doesn't match, patch its pod template labels to match the selector.
2A) Example: selector is app=chipmunk
(Only do this if you see the Service selector contains app=chipmunk and one of the deployments is missing it.) kubectl -n moose patch deploy current-chipmunk-deployment \
-p '{"spec":{"template":{"metadata":{"labels":{"app":"chipmunk"}}}}}'
kubectl -n moose patch deploy canary-chipmunk-deployment \
-p '{"spec":{"template":{"metadata":{"labels":{"app":"chipmunk"}}}}}'
Wait for rollouts if patches triggered new ReplicaSets:
kubectl -n moose rollout status deploy current-chipmunk-deployment
kubectl -n moose rollout status deploy canary-chipmunk-deployment
Verify endpoints now include pods from both deployments:
kubectl -n moose get endpoints chipmunk-service -o wide
3) Set replicas to enforce "max 10 pods" and "20% canary"
Set:
* current = 8
* canary = 2Total = 10.
kubectl -n moose scale deploy current-chipmunk-deployment --replicas=8
kubectl -n moose scale deploy canary-chipmunk-deployment --replicas=2
Wait until ready:
kubectl -n moose rollout status deploy current-chipmunk-deployment
kubectl -n moose rollout status deploy canary-chipmunk-deployment
Confirm total pods is 10 (or less) and all are Running/Ready:
kubectl -n moose get pods
kubectl -n moose get pods | tail -n +2 | wc -l
Confirm endpoints count matches 10:
kubectl -n moose get endpoints chipmunk-service -o jsonpath='{.subsets[*].addresses[*].ip}' | wc -w
4) Test load balancing via NodePort 30000
Run several times:
for
i in $(seq 1 30); do curl -s http://localhost:30000/; echo; done
You should see canary responses appear roughly ~20% of the time (not exact every run).
If you want a clearer signal, check which pods are endpoints and ensure 2 belong to canary and 8 to current:
kubectl -n moose get pods -l app=chipmunk -o wide
kubectl -n moose get endpoints chipmunk-service -o wide
NEW QUESTION # 192
You have a Kustomization file that defines a Deployment with two replicas. You want to configure the deployment to use a different image tag based on the environment it is deployed to- For example, in the 'dev' environment, the image tag should be 'example/nginx:dev' , while in the 'prod' environment, it should be 'example:nginx:prod'. Describe how to achieve this using Kustomize.
Answer:
Explanation:
See the solution below with Step by Step Explanation.
Explanation:
Solution (Step by Step) :
1. Create a base Kustomization file:
resources :
- deployment. yaml
2. Create a deployment-yaml file:
3. Create environment-specific overlays: - For dev environment
- For prod environment:
4. Create a patch.yaml file:
5. Apply Kustomize: - For dev environment: bash Kustomize dev I oubect1 apply -f - - For prod environment: bash Kustomize prod I oubect1 apply -f - - The base customization file defines the resources that are included in the deployment. - The environment-specific overlays patch the base resources With the appropriate image tag. - The patchesStrategicMerge' field applies the patch.yaml tile to the deployment. - The '{{.environment}Y placeholder in the patch file is replaced with the actual environment name when Kustomize is applied. This approach allows you to easily manage and deploy your applications to different environments with specific configuration settings.
NEW QUESTION # 193
You have a Kustomization file that uses a resource patch to modify the deployment of an Nginx service. The patch uses the field to set the CPLJ request for the container to 500m. However, you've noticed that this patch is no longer working as expected. You've been informed that the field has been deprecated and replaced with a new field structure in newer Kubernetes API versions. Explain how to update the Kustomization file to accommodate this change, ensuring compatibility with both older and newer Kubernetes versions.
Answer:
Explanation:
See the solution below with Step by Step Explanation.
Explanation:
Solution (Step by Step) :
1. Identify tne New Field Structure: Research the updated field structure for container resource definitions in the newer Kubernetes API version. The new structure likely utilizes nested resource fields for each container, like instead of a flat structure.
2. Update the Kustomization Patch: Modify the resource patch in your Kustomization file to use the updated field structure. If the newer field structure is 'spec-template-spec-containers[l.resources.requests.cpu' , update your patch accordingly. This could involve changing the patch's path or using a different patch strategy, such as a strategic merge patch.
3. Consider Conditional Patches: If you need to support both older and newer Kubernetes versions, utilize conditional patches in your Kustomization file. This allows you to apply different patcnes based on the Kubernetes API version detected. You can use Kustomize's 'patchJson6902' strategy With a conditional statement to apply the correct patch depending on the API version.
4. Test the Updated Kustomization: Deploy your Kustomization to a cluster running both older and newer Kubernetes versions. Validate that the CPU requests are correctly applied to the Nginx deployment containers in each version. Verify that the patcnes are being applied appropriately based on the detected Kubernetes API version. 5. Document Changes: Ensure that the updated Kustomization file and any conditional logic are well-documented to prevent future confusion or errors when deploying to different Kubernetes environments. By following these steps, you can successfully update your Kustomization file to accommodate the deprecated field structure and ensure compatibility with different Kubernetes API versions. This will allow you to manage and configure your deployments effectively, even as Kubernetes evolves.
NEW QUESTION # 194
You are deploying a web application that uses a separate database pod. The database pod is managed by a StatefulSet, and the web application pods need to access the database using tne database pod'S nostname. Explain how you can configure the web application pods to access the database pod using the hostname provided by the StatefulSet.
Answer:
Explanation:
See the solution below with Step by Step Explanation.
Explanation:
Solution (Step by Step) :
1. Configure the StatefulSet:
- Define the database pod within a StatefulSet.
- Ensure that the StatefulSet assigns a unique hostname to each pod, making it accessible by name-
- Example:
2. Configure the Deployment: - Denne the web application pod Within a Deployment. - Use the 'hostAliaseS field in the Deployment's 'spec.template.spec.containers' to map the database pod's hostname to its IP address. - Example:
3. Access Database by Hostname: - Within tne web application's code, you can now access the database using the hostname "database-service" without needing to know the database pod's actual IP address. - Kubernetes will automatically resolve the hostname to the correct IP address based on the hostAliases configuration. 4. Deploy and Test: - Deploy the StatefulSet and Deployment. - Test the web application to ensure that it can connect to the database using the provided hostname. 5. Important - The ' hostAliases' approach is typically used for cases where the database pod's hostname is consistent and predictable. - It might not be suitable for scenarios involving dynamic pod scaling or where the database pod's hostname changes frequently. - In those scenarios, consider using a Service and Service discovery mechanism to connect to the database.
NEW QUESTION # 195 
Context
You are tasked to create a ConfigMap and consume the ConfigMap in a pod using a volume mount.
Task
Please complete the following:
* Create a ConfigMap named another-config containing the key/value pair: key4/value3
* start a pod named nginx-configmap containing a single container using the nginx image, and mount the key you just created into the pod under directory /also/a/path See the solution below.
Answer:
Explanation:
Solution:





NEW QUESTION # 196
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