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| Section | Objectives |
|---|---|
| Forecasting and Planning | - Aggregate Planning - Demand Forecasting Methods |
| Operations Management Foundations | - Operations Strategy and Competitiveness - Introduction to Operations and Productivity |
| Quality Management | - Six Sigma and Continuous Improvement - Total Quality Management (TQM) |
| Project and Operations Scheduling | - Project Management Basics - Scheduling Techniques |
| Process Design and Analysis | - Capacity Planning and Bottlenecks - Process Mapping and Flow |
| Supply Chain and Inventory Management | - Inventory Models and Control Systems - Just-in-Time (JIT) and Lean Operations - Supply Chain Design and Logistics |
>> Operations-Management Formal Test <<
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NEW QUESTION # 27
Which statement is true about capacity requirements planning (CRP)?
Answer: B
Explanation:
The correct statement aboutCapacity Requirements Planning (CRP)is thatavailable capacity is compared to calculated workloads of relevant items.
CRP is a planning technique used after material requirements planning (MRP). While MRP determineswhat andwhenmaterials are needed, CRP verifies whether the organization hassufficient capacity-in terms of machines, labor, and work centers-to execute the planned production schedule.
CRP works by:
* Translating planned orders into workload requirements
* Assigning those workloads to specific work centers
* Comparing required capacity with available capacity
* Identifying overloads or underutilization
The incorrect options misrepresent CRP:
* CRP does not create capacity; it evaluates feasibility
* Human capital adequacy is part of workforce planning, not CRP's primary role
* CRP evaluates workloads in relation to the whole system, not isolated items Operations Management emphasizes CRP as afeasibility check, ensuring that production plans are realistic and executable before release to the shop floor.
NEW QUESTION # 28
A company decides and makes plans to enter into a new market.
Which project life cycle phase does this strategy directly relate to?
Answer: B
Explanation:
Entering a new market directly relates to theconception phaseof the project life cycle.
At this stage, management identifies:
* Strategic opportunities
* Market gaps
* Growth options
* Alignment with organizational goals
Deciding to enter a new market represents theinitial recognition of opportunity, which triggers project consideration.
Feasibility analysis occurs afterward to evaluate financial, technical, and operational viability. Planning and execution only begin once the project is approved.
Operations Management relies on clear conception decisions to ensure resources are committed only to strategically aligned initiatives.
NEW QUESTION # 29
What is a bottleneck in a flowchart?
Answer: D
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation (#250 words):
Abottleneckis thelongest task in the process, limiting the overall system throughput.
In Operations Management, the bottleneck determines themaximum capacity of the entire system. No matter how efficient other stages are, output cannot exceed the bottleneck's capacity.
Bottlenecks cause:
* Queue buildup
* Increased waiting time
* Underutilization of downstream resources
Identifying bottlenecks through flowcharts and process mapping is essential for process improvement. Once identified, managers can:
* Add capacity
* Reallocate resources
* Improve task methods
* Reduce variability
The other options do not define bottlenecks:
* Independent stages do not restrict flow
* Production leveling smooths output
* Storage areas indicate inventory, not constraints
TheTheory of Constraintsreinforces that improving non-bottleneck stages has little impact unless the bottleneck is addressed.
NEW QUESTION # 30
Why might a company avoid using demand-based options such as inventory and backorders over a long period of time?
Answer: A
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation (#250 words):
Demand-based options such asinventory accumulation and backordersare avoided long term becausethey are more risky.
Maintaining high inventory levels increases:
* Holding costs
* Obsolescence risk
* Damage and theft
* Cash flow constraints
Backorders, while avoiding inventory buildup, risk:
* Customer dissatisfaction
* Lost sales
* Damage to brand reputation
Operations Management categorizes these options asshort-term demand smoothing tools, not sustainable strategies. Over time, uncertainty in demand magnifies the risks associated with inventory imbalances or unmet demand.
The other options are incorrect:
* These methods are not inherently time consuming
* They do not directly affect subcontracting or labor policies
Thus, firms avoid long-term reliance on demand-based options to maintain stability and customer trust.
NEW QUESTION # 31
What is the measure of how much supply chain is owned or operated by the manufacturer?
Answer: C
Explanation:
Vertical integrationmeasures how much of the supply chain isowned or controlled by the manufacturer.
In Operations and Supply Chain Management, vertical integration refers to the degree to which a firm performs activities upstream (suppliers) or downstream (distribution, retail) rather than relying on external partners. A highly vertically integrated company may own raw material sources, manufacturing plants, distribution centers, and even retail outlets.
Vertical integration affects:
* Cost structure
* Control over quality
* Lead times
* Supply reliability
* Strategic flexibility
The other options are not standard measures:
* Horizontal integration refers to acquiring competitors at the same stage
* "Insource" and "outsource integration" are not formal OM terms
Operations strategy evaluates vertical integration carefully because while it increases control, it also:
* Requires high capital investment
* Reduces flexibility
* Increases managerial complexity
Thus, vertical integration directly quantifies how much of the supply chain the manufacturer owns or operates.
NEW QUESTION # 32
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