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| Section | Objectives |
|---|---|
| Topic 1: Specimen Processing and Handling | - Specimen transport and storage - Quality assurance procedures - Common errors and rejection criteria |
| Topic 2: Routine Blood Collections | - Order of draw - Equipment selection and use - Venipuncture procedures |
| Topic 3: Patient Preparation | - Patient identification and communication - Specimen labeling procedures - Site selection and preparation |
| Topic 4: Special Collections | - Non-routine specimen collection methods - Capillary puncture (fingerstick/heel stick) - Pediatric and geriatric considerations |
| Topic 5: Safety and Compliance | - Infection control and standard precautions - OSHA regulations and patient safety - HIPAA and patient confidentiality |
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NEW QUESTION # 69
A phlebotomist is collecting from a patient under droplet precautions. Which of the following PPE is most directly indicated?
Answer: C
Explanation:
A surgical mask is most directly indicated for droplet precautions. Droplet precautions are used for organisms transmitted through respiratory droplets generated by coughing, sneezing, or talking. The mask helps protect the phlebotomist's nose and mouth from exposure at close range. A lead apron is used for radiation protection and has no role in droplet isolation. A sterile gown alone does not protect the respiratory mucosa and is not the primary droplet precaution. Shoe covers alone do not address droplet transmission. Depending on facility signage and procedure risk, additional PPE such as eye protection, gown, or gloves may be required, but from the options given, a surgical mask is the key droplet precaution. The phlebotomist should check isolation signs before entering, bring only necessary supplies, perform hand hygiene, wear PPE correctly, and remove PPE safely before leaving. This item tests transmission-based precaution matching: contact, droplet, airborne, and protective isolation are not interchangeable. Reference topics: Safety and Compliance; droplet precautions; PPE; isolation signage; infection control.
NEW QUESTION # 70
Which of the following is the purpose of centrifuging a blood specimen?
Answer: D
Explanation:
The purpose of centrifuging a blood specimen is to separate specimen components. Centrifugation uses force to separate cells from serum or plasma based on density. In serum separator tubes, centrifugation separates serum from the clot after the specimen has fully clotted. In plasma separator tubes, centrifugation separates plasma from blood cells in the presence of anticoagulant. It does not disinfect the specimen; blood specimens must still be treated as potentially infectious. It does not activate tube additives; additives function through mixing by gentle inversion after collection. It also does not increase specimen volume. Improper centrifugation can damage specimens. Centrifuging too soon, too long, too fast, or at the wrong temperature can cause hemolysis, fibrin formation, poor separation, or analyte instability. The phlebotomist must follow manufacturer and facility instructions for clotting time, centrifuge speed, duration, balancing, and specimen removal. Reference topics: Processing Specimens; centrifugation; serum and plasma separation; specimen integrity; equipment operation.
NEW QUESTION # 71
Which of the following actions should a phlebotomist take before palpating a vein?
Answer: C
Explanation:
The phlebotomist should put on gloves before palpating a vein. Gloves are required because the phlebotomist is preparing for an invasive procedure with potential blood exposure. Palpation helps assess vein size, depth, direction, resilience, and suitability, but it must occur after hand hygiene and glove application. Removing the needle cap before site selection is unsafe because it exposes the needle unnecessarily and increases needlestick risk. Labeling collection tubes before collection is improper because tubes must be labeled after collection in the presence of the patient to prevent misidentification. Asking the patient to bend the arm is not appropriate for vein palpation and is especially unsafe after needle removal because bending the arm can cause hematoma formation. The correct sequence is patient identification, hand hygiene, gloves, position patient, apply tourniquet, select/palpate vein, release/reapply tourniquet as needed, clean site, allow antiseptic to dry, anchor, and perform venipuncture. Reference topics: Routine Blood Collections; glove use; vein palpation; venipuncture sequence; patient safety.
NEW QUESTION # 72
Which of the following tests should a phlebotomist anticipate to complete for a patient who has a fever of unknown origin?
Answer: B
Explanation:
For a patient with fever of unknown origin, the phlebotomist should anticipate blood culture collection. Blood cultures are ordered to detect microorganisms in the bloodstream and are especially important when infection, bacteremia, or sepsis is suspected. Fever without a known source is a classic clinical reason for obtaining cultures before antimicrobial therapy when possible. ESR may support evaluation of inflammation, but it does not identify bloodstream infection. Immunology tests may be used for immune or infectious disease investigations, but they are not the primary phlebotomy collection expected for fever of unknown origin. Rapid plasma renin evaluates the renin-angiotensin system and is associated with blood pressure and endocrine evaluation, not unexplained fever. Blood culture collection requires strict aseptic technique, correct antiseptic contact time, proper bottle order, adequate volume, correct number of sets, documentation of collection site, and timely transport. Contamination can produce false-positive results and inappropriate treatment. NHA CPT competencies include blood culture collection, special collections, infection control, site preparation, bottle handling, and specimen integrity. Reference topics: Special Collections; blood cultures; fever workup; contamination prevention.
NEW QUESTION # 73
Which of the following actions can cause hemolysis during venipuncture?
Answer: D
Explanation:
Using a needle with a gauge that is too small can cause hemolysis. A small-bore needle can create excessive mechanical force as blood passes through the lumen, damaging red blood cells and releasing intracellular contents into serum or plasma. Hemolysis can alter test results, especially potassium, lactate dehydrogenase, and other analytes affected by red-cell rupture. Allowing alcohol to dry before puncture is correct practice because it reduces stinging and helps prevent contamination. Releasing the tourniquet before needle removal is also correct because it reduces pressure and supports safer needle withdrawal. Mixing additive tubes by gentle inversion is required; the danger occurs when tubes are shaken vigorously. Additional hemolysis causes include probing, drawing through a hematoma, forcing blood from a syringe into a tube, rough transport, incorrect centrifugation, and delayed processing. A phlebotomist must choose equipment appropriate to the patient's vein while maintaining specimen quality. Reference topics: Routine Blood Collections; hemolysis; needle gauge selection; specimen integrity; preanalytical error.
NEW QUESTION # 74
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