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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Topic 1: VPNs and MPLS | 20-25% | - Layer 2 VPNs, LDP circuits, VPLS, and EVPN - Layer 3 VPNs: VRF, MP-BGP, route distinguishers, targets - MPLS architecture, LDP, RSVP-TE, and label switching - VPN configuration, monitoring, and troubleshooting |
| Topic 2: OSPF | 15-20% | - Single-area and multi-area configuration and monitoring - OSPFv2 and OSPFv3 concepts and operation - LSA types, flooding, and route summarization - Virtual links, authentication, and routing policy |
| Topic 3: IS-IS | 15-20% | - IS-IS levels, areas, and operation - Metrics, route summarization, and route leaking - DIS operation and routing policy implementation - Configuration and monitoring for single/multi-area |
| Topic 4: Class of Service (CoS) | 10-15% | - Traffic classification, marking, and policing - CoS configuration and monitoring in service provider networks - Queue scheduling, shaping, and congestion management |
| Topic 5: BGP | 20-25% | - iBGP, eBGP, route reflection, and confederations - Attributes, communities, and multipath routing - Inter-AS routing and advanced BGP features - Policy-based routing, filtering, and route manipulation |
| Topic 6: IP Multicast | 10-15% | - RPF check, multicast distribution trees, and troubleshooting - IGMPv2/v3, PIM dense mode, sparse mode, and SSM - Multicast integration with IGP and BGP |
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NEW QUESTION # 85
Refer to the Exhibit:
A network designer would like to advertise a single summary route from R4 to IS-IS level 2 neighbors as shown in the exhibit, but the configuration is not working.
Which three configuration changes will accomplish this task? (Choose three.)
Answer: B,C,D
NEW QUESTION # 86
Exhibit
R4 is directly connected to both RPs (R2 and R3) R4 is currently sending all ,o,ns upstream to R3 but you want all joins to go to R2 instead Referring to the exhibit, which configuration change will solve this issue?
Answer: B
NEW QUESTION # 87
You are configuring schedulers to define the class-of-service properties of output queues. You want to control packet drops during periods of congestion.
In this scenario, which CoS configuration parameter would be used to accomplish this task?
Answer: A
Explanation:
When configuring Class of Service (CoS) properties for output queues, we need to manage packet drops during periods of congestion. Juniper's CoS framework provides several tools to manage congestion, including drop profiles, buffer sizes, and scheduling mechanisms. Let's break down each option and identify the correct one.
Evaluating the Answer Choices
✅ D. drop profile (Correct Answer)
Why?
A drop profile defines when packets should be dropped based on the queue fill level.
Random Early Detection (RED) or Tail Drop can be used to manage congestion by discarding lower-priority packets first.
Drop profiles are configured under the scheduler to determine how aggressive packet dropping should be during congestion.
Example Juniper Configuration:
schedulers {
best-effort {
drop-profile low-drop;
}
}
drop-profiles {
low-drop {
fill-level 80 drop-probability 50;
}
}
fill-level 80 → When the queue reaches 80% full, packet drops begin.
drop-probability 50 → There is a 50% chance of dropping packets once the threshold is reached.
Official Juniper Documentation Reference:
Junos Class of Service Configuration Guide
"A drop profile determines how packets are discarded based on the queue fill level, allowing control over congestion behavior." Why the Other Options Are Incorrect?
❌ A. buffer size (Incorrect)
Why?
The buffer size determines how many packets the queue can store before congestion occurs.
A larger buffer can delay drops, but it does not actively control dropping behavior.
It affects latency rather than controlling packet drops.
❌ B. priority (Incorrect)
Why?
Priority controls which queue gets serviced first, not how drops are handled.
Higher priority queues are serviced before lower-priority queues, but this does not prevent congestion-related drops.
❌ C. shaping rate (Incorrect)
Why?
Shaping limits the maximum transmission rate of the queue.
While shaping helps reduce congestion, it does not control which packets get dropped during congestion.
Shaping is useful for traffic smoothing, but it does not actively drop packets based on queue fill levels.
Final answer: ✅ D. drop profile
Controls packet drops based on queue congestion.
Defines RED (Random Early Detection) or Tail Drop mechanisms.
Directly influences drop probability as the queue fills up.
Official Juniper Reference:
"Drop profiles are used to manage congestion by determining when and how aggressively packets are dropped based on queue fill level."
NEW QUESTION # 88
Click the Exhibit button.
Referring to the exhibit, which statement is correct?
Answer: D
Explanation:
The exhibit shows the configuration of a VRF (Virtual Routing and Forwarding) instance on a Juniper PE router. Let's break down the key components:
VRF Configuration (VPN-A)
The instance type is VRF, meaning this is an L3VPN (Layer 3 VPN).
The routing instance contains a static route (10.1.0.0/16 next-hop 10.1.0.1).
The interface ge-0/0/2.0 is assigned to the VRF.
Route Distinguisher (RD): 172.17.20.1:1
VRF-Export Policy: vpn-a-export
VRF-Target: target:65512:1 (This defines which routes will be imported into the VRF).
VRF Export Policy (vpn-a-export)
The vpn-a-export policy adds two BGP communities (route targets) to exported VPN routes:
community add vpn-a-target;
community add vpn-m-target;
accept;
The vpn-a-target community corresponds to target:65512:1.
The vpn-m-target community corresponds to target:65512:2.
Policy-Options (Community Definitions)
community vpn-a-target members target:65512:1;
community vpn-m-target members target:65512:2;
This confirms that routes exported from this VRF will have BOTH target:65512:1 and target:65512:2.
Evaluating the Answer Choices
✅ Option A: "VPN routes are exported with the target:65512:1 and target:65512:2 route targets." The vpn-a-export policy explicitly adds both vpn-a-target (65512:1) and vpn-m-target (65512:2) to exported routes.
This is correct. ✅
❌ Option B: "You cannot use the vrf-target and vrf-export statements in the same VRF." This is incorrect.
Juniper allows the use of both vrf-target and vrf-export in the same VRF:
vrf-target is used for importing routes.
vrf-export defines export policies (which can add additional route targets).
This is incorrect. ❌
❌ Option C: "VPN routes with the target:65512:1 and target:65512:2 route targets are imported." The vrf-target target:65512:1; statement only controls importing routes.
The import policy does not include target:65512:2, so routes tagged with target:65512:2 alone would not be imported into this VRF.
This is incorrect. ❌
❌ Option D: "VPN routes are exported with only the target:65512:1 route target." The export policy (vpn-a-export) clearly adds both 65512:1 and 65512:2.
This is incorrect. ❌
Final answer:
✅ A. VPN routes are exported with the target:65512:1 and target:65512:2 route targets.
Verification from Juniper Documentation
Juniper MPLS L3VPN Configuration Guide confirms that vrf-target is used for importing, while vrf-export can be used for exporting multiple route targets.
Juniper Routing Policy Documentation states that export policies can add multiple BGP communities (route targets).
RFC 4364 (BGP/MPLS IP VPNs) defines the use of route targets for VPN route control.
NEW QUESTION # 89
Exhibit
Referring to the exhibit, which three statements are correct about route 10 0 0.0/16 when using the default BGP advertisement rules'? (Choose three.)
Answer: A,B,D
Explanation:
Explanation
The problem in this scenario is that R1 and R8 are not receiving each other's routes because of private AS numbers in the AS path. Private AS numbers are not globally unique and are not advertised to external BGP peers. To solve this problem, you need to do the following:
* Configure loops on routers in AS 65412 and advertise-peer-as on routers in AS 64498. This allows R5 and R6 to advertise their own AS number (65412) instead of their peer's AS number (64498) when sending updates to R7 and R8. This prevents a loop detection issue that would cause R7 and R8 to reject the routes from R5 and R62
* Configure remove-private on advertisements from AS 64497 toward AS 64498 and from AS 64500 toward AS 64499. This removes any private AS numbers from the AS path before sending updates to external BGP peers. This allows R2 and R3 to receive the routes from R1 and R4, respectively3.
NEW QUESTION # 90
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