API-571 - Useful Exam Corrosion and Materials Professional Review

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API API-571 Exam Syllabus Topics:

SectionObjectives
Damage Mechanisms- Environment-Assisted Cracking
  • 1. Sulfide Stress Cracking (SSC) / Hydrogen Stress Cracking
  • 2. Chloride Stress Corrosion Cracking (Cl-SCC)
  • 3. Ethanol Stress Corrosion Cracking (SCC)
  • 4. Hydrogen Embrittlement
  • 5. Amine Stress Corrosion Cracking
  • 6. Carbonate Stress Corrosion Cracking
  • 7. Caustic Stress Corrosion Cracking
  • 8. Stress-Oriented Hydrogen-Induced Cracking (SOHIC)
  • 9. Ammonia Stress Corrosion Cracking
  • 10. Hydrogen-Induced Cracking (HIC) / Stepwise Cracking
  • 11. Polythionic Acid Stress Corrosion Cracking (PTA-SCC)
- High-Temperature Hydrogen Attack (HTHA)
  • 1. Internal Hydrogen Attack (IHA)
  • 2. Decarburization
- Uniform or Localized Loss of Thickness
  • 1. Galvanic Corrosion
  • 2. Cooling Water Corrosion
  • 3. Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion (MIC)
  • 4. CO2 Corrosion
  • 5. Atmospheric Corrosion
  • 6. Soil Corrosion
  • 7. Corrosion Under Insulation (CUI)
  • 8. Dealloying (Selective Leaching)
  • 9. Boiler Water / Condensate Corrosion
  • 10. Flow-Accelerated Corrosion (FAC) / Flow-Assisted Corrosion
  • 11. Caustic Corrosion
  • 12. Flue Gas Dew Point Corrosion
- General / Mechanical
  • 1. Sigma Phase Embrittlement
  • 2. Metal Dusting
  • 3. Dissimilar Metal Weld (DMW) Cracking
  • 4. Galvanic Corrosion
  • 5. Temper Embrittlement
  • 6. Softening (Spheroidization)
  • 7. Fatigue
  • 8. Hydrogen Embrittlement
  • 9. Thermal Fatigue
  • 10. Brittle Fracture
  • 11. Creep / Stress Rupture
  • 12. Atmospheric Corrosion
  • 13. Zinc Embrittlement
  • 14. Corrosion Under Insulation (CUI)
  • 15. Graphitization
  • 16. Strain Aging
  • 17. Fretting / Fretting Corrosion
  • 18. Stress Relief Cracking
  • 19. Mechanical Fatigue
  • 20. Cavitation
  • 21. Liquid Metal Embrittlement (LME)
  • 22. 885°F (475°C) Embrittlement
  • 23. Vibration-Induced Fatigue
  • 24. Erosion/Erosion-Corrosion
- High Temperature Corrosion (800°F / 425°C and above)
  • 1. Metal Dusting
  • 2. Sulfidation
  • 3. Oxidation
  • 4. Fuel Ash Corrosion
  • 5. Nitriding
  • 6. Carburization

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API Corrosion and Materials Professional Sample Questions (Q60-Q65):

NEW QUESTION # 60
Convection section soot blowers that have steam supplies without a steam trap can cause:

Answer: D

Explanation:
In steam systems, the absence of a steam trap allows condensate to accumulate, which can lead to corrosion from oxygen and carbon dioxide dissolved in the water-a classic case of condensate corrosion.
From API RP 571 Section 5.3.3.1 (Condensate Corrosion):
"If steam lines or equipment like soot blowers do not have proper drainage or steam traps, condensate may accumulate... Corrosion results from the presence of dissolved oxygen and/or carbon dioxide in the condensate." Thus, the correct answer is Option D (condensate corrosion).


NEW QUESTION # 61
Type 304L SS is satisfactory for phosphoric acid concentration of 100% up to about _________. Type 321 is required from there to 225(o) F.

Answer: B


NEW QUESTION # 62
Ammonium chloride salts may be whitish, greenish or _________.

Answer: A


NEW QUESTION # 63
In steam-generating equipment, caustic corrosion is best prevented through:

Answer: C

Explanation:
From API RP 571 Section 5.3.3.2 (Caustic Corrosion):
"Caustic corrosion, also known as caustic gouging, occurs in boiler systems when caustic concentrates in under-deposit areas or due to improper steam drum and boiler water design. Good design and water treatment practices are key preventive measures." Temperature control or acid injection are not practical or effective mitigation techniques. Design considerations-such as proper water flow, material selection, and minimizing deposits-are essential.
Hence, the correct answer is Option C.


NEW QUESTION # 64
Which of the following damage mechanisms are most closely related because they occur in similar environments?

Answer: A

Explanation:
According to API RP 571:
"Oxidation is the reaction of metal and oxygen to form oxides. It generally occurs in high temperature environments with excess oxygen."
"Sulfidation is a high temperature corrosion mechanism that occurs due to interaction between sulfur- containing compounds and metal surfaces, forming metal sulfides. Like oxidation, sulfidation occurs in environments above 500 °F (260 °C)."
"Both oxidation and sulfidation can occur concurrently, particularly in mixed environments of oxygen and sulfur." (Reference: API RP 571, Sections 5.1.1 and 5.1.3 - Oxidation & Sulfidation) These two mechanisms are thermally activated and occur in elevated temperature conditions found in heaters, furnaces, and piping systems. Hence, option B is correct.


NEW QUESTION # 65
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