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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Specimen Processing & Handling | 14% | - Documentation & tracking - Processing & centrifugation - Transport & storage requirements - Aliquoting & preservation - Specimen rejection criteria |
| Routine Blood Collections | 28% | - Venipuncture techniques & equipment - Capillary puncture procedures - Order of draw & tube selection - Post-collection care & labeling - Tourniquet use & vein assessment |
| Patient Preparation | 20% | - Patient positioning & comfort - Patient identification & verification - Site selection & preparation - Requisition review & test verification - Informed consent & communication |
| Safety and Compliance | 26% | - PPE & sharps disposal - Bloodborne pathogens & exposure control - Quality control & error prevention - HIPAA & patient confidentiality - Infection control & OSHA standards |
| Special Collections | 12% | - Glucose tolerance & dynamic tests - Blood cultures & sterile collection - Therapeutic drug monitoring - Pediatric & geriatric collections - Blood alcohol & legal collections |
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NEW QUESTION # 89
Which of the following is related to diabetes mellitus?
Answer: C
Explanation:
Glycosuria is related to diabetes mellitus because it means glucose is present in the urine. In diabetes mellitus, blood glucose can rise above the renal threshold, causing glucose to spill into the urine. This finding is classically associated with hyperglycemia and impaired glucose regulation. Proteinuria means protein in the urine and is more closely associated with kidney disease, glomerular injury, hypertension, or diabetic nephropathy as a complication rather than the direct defining finding tested here. Bacteriuria means bacteria in urine and suggests urinary tract infection or contamination. Oliguria means decreased urine output and is associated with dehydration, renal dysfunction, shock, or urinary obstruction. The key relationship is that diabetes mellitus involves abnormal glucose metabolism, so glycosuria is the most direct answer. From a phlebotomy standpoint, this links to glucose testing, fasting status, point-of-care glucose monitoring, urine testing, and patient preparation. The technician does not diagnose diabetes but must understand common terms tied to ordered specimens and clinical testing. Reference topics: Phlebotomy Fundamentals; glucose metabolism; urine terminology; diabetes-related testing; point-of-care glucose.
NEW QUESTION # 90
A phlebotomist notices that a serum separator tube has not clotted before centrifugation. Which of the following actions should the phlebotomist take?
Answer: C
Explanation:
The phlebotomist should allow the serum separator tube to clot completely before centrifugation. Serum specimens require clot formation before centrifugation so the liquid serum can separate properly from the clot. Centrifuging before clotting is complete can cause fibrin strands, incomplete separation, instrument issues, and possible specimen rejection. Shaking the tube vigorously is incorrect because it can hemolyze the specimen and disrupt cellular integrity. Transferring the specimen into a plasma tube is unsafe and invalid because the specimen was not collected with the correct anticoagulant at the correct blood-to-additive ratio. Proper processing means respecting the requirements of the tube collected: serum tubes must clot for the required time, additive tubes must be gently inverted, and specimens must be centrifuged according to time, speed, and temperature requirements. This item tests processing discipline, not speed. A phlebotomist must protect specimen integrity from collection through transport and processing. Reference topics: Processing Specimens; serum separation; clotting time; centrifugation; specimen rejection.
NEW QUESTION # 91
Which of the following agencies enforces workplace standards related to bloodborne pathogens?
Answer: C
Explanation:
OSHA enforces workplace standards related to bloodborne pathogens. In phlebotomy, OSHA's Bloodborne Pathogens Standard is central because technicians routinely handle blood, sharps, contaminated equipment, and potentially infectious materials. OSHA requirements support exposure-control plans, engineering controls, sharps safety, PPE, hepatitis B vaccination access, training, and post-exposure follow-up. The FDA regulates drugs, biologics, and medical devices, but it does not enforce employer bloodborne pathogen workplace standards in the same way OSHA does. CMS administers Medicare and Medicaid and oversees certain healthcare quality and laboratory-related regulatory structures, but it is not the primary workplace bloodborne pathogen enforcement agency. DEA regulates controlled substances, which is unrelated to routine phlebotomy safety. A phlebotomist does not need to be a legal scholar, but they must know which agencies govern common safety and compliance issues. This knowledge supports correct behavior during needlesticks, sharps disposal, PPE use, exposure reporting, and infection-control practice. Reference topics: Safety and Compliance; OSHA; bloodborne pathogens; exposure-control plan; workplace safety.
NEW QUESTION # 92
Which of the following types of testing requires chain of custody documentation for specimens?
Answer: A
Explanation:
Drug testing requires chain of custody documentation when the specimen is collected for legal, employment, forensic, or regulatory purposes. Chain of custody tracks the specimen from collection through transport, receipt, testing, storage, and final disposition. It documents who collected the specimen, who handled it, when transfers occurred, whether seals were intact, and whether the specimen remained secure. This protects the legal defensibility of the result by reducing the possibility of substitution, tampering, contamination, or misidentification. Blood typing requires strict patient identification and specimen labeling because of transfusion risk, but it is not the classic chain-of-custody specimen in this question. HIV testing requires confidentiality and consent requirements according to policy, but not forensic custody tracking in routine care. Tuberculosis testing requires correct collection or test procedure, infection-control precautions, and documentation, not legal custody control. For drug screening, the phlebotomist must follow collection kit instructions exactly, verify identity, seal the specimen properly, complete all required documentation, and maintain specimen security. Reference topics: Processing Specimens; chain of custody; toxicology testing; forensic specimens; legal documentation.
NEW QUESTION # 93
Which of the following needle gauges can be used for blood donation collection?
Answer: D
Explanation:
Blood donation collection requires a large-bore needle because a full unit of blood must be collected efficiently while minimizing hemolysis and maintaining adequate flow into the collection bag. An 18-gauge needle is the correct option from the list. Blood donor collections commonly use larger needles than routine diagnostic venipuncture because donor collection volume is much greater than routine tube collection. A 25-gauge or 27-gauge needle is too small; it would slow flow excessively, increase mechanical stress on cells, and be inappropriate for donor collection. A 21-gauge needle is common for routine adult venipuncture but is not the best answer for blood donation collection because donor procedures require faster sustained flow. The phlebotomist must also confirm donor eligibility, follow blood bank protocol, use correct equipment, maintain aseptic technique, and monitor the donor for adverse reactions. The NHA CPT outline includes phlebotomy for blood donations and blood donation standards such as hemoglobin/hematocrit screening, weight, and complete screening. Reference topics: Special Collections; blood donation; needle gauge selection; donor collection standards.
NEW QUESTION # 94
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