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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Topic 1: Services & Networking | 20% | - Ingress configuration - Network policies - Services (ClusterIP, NodePort, LoadBalancer) |
| Topic 2: Cluster Architecture, Installation & Configuration | 25% | - Kubernetes architecture components - Cluster installation and configuration - High availability setup |
| Topic 3: Troubleshooting | 30% | - Application and networking debugging - Cluster component troubleshooting |
| Topic 4: Storage | 10% | - PersistentVolumes and PersistentVolumeClaims - Storage classes |
| Topic 5: Workloads & Scheduling | 15% | - Scheduling constraints - Deployments and rolling updates - ConfigMaps and Secrets |
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NEW QUESTION # 35
Deploy a pod with image=redis on a node with label disktype=ssd
Answer: B
NEW QUESTION # 36
You are setting up a new Kubernetes cluster with a highly sensitive application that requires access control at the pod level. Explain how you can use NetworkPolicy to restrict access to pods within your cluster.
Answer:
Explanation:
See the solution below with Step by Step Explanation.
Explanation:
Solution (Step by Step) :
1 . Create a NetworkPolicy Resource: Define a 'NetworkPolicy' resource using a YAML file. The
'NetworkPolicy' resource will contain the rules for network traffic access to the pods. You can use 'kubectl create -f networkpolicy.yaml' to create the NetworkPolicy resource.
2. Set 'podSelectoo: Use the podSelector' field to identify the pods that will be affected by the policy. In this example, we are targeting pods with the label 'app: sensitive-app'. 3. Define 'ingress' and 'egress' Rules: Use the 'ingress' and 'egress' sections to define the rules for incoming and outgoing traffic. 'ingress': This section specifies which pods or services are allowed to send traffic to the pods targeted by the 'NetworkPolicy'. Here, we are allowing traffic from pods labeled app: trusted-service'. 'egress': This section specifies which destinations the pods targeted by the NetworkPolicy are allowed to send traffic to. In this example, we are allowing egress traffic to the IP address range 10.0.0.0/16. 4. Implement the "NetworkPolicy': Apply the YAML file using 'kubectl apply -f networkpolicy.yaml'. Once applied, the NetworkPolicy will be enforced, blocking any traffic that does not meet the specified rules.
NEW QUESTION # 37
You have a StatefulSet named 'database-statefulset' that runs a database service. The database requires persistent data storage. You are experiencing a problem where the database pods are crashing repeatedly, and the database data is getting lost. You suspect that there is an issue with the persistent volume claim (PVC) used by the StatefulSet. How would you troubleshoot and potentially fix this problem?
Answer:
Explanation:
See the solution below with Step by Step Explanation.
Explanation:
Solution (Step by Step) :
1. Check the PVC:
- Use 'kubectl describe pvc (replace with the name of the PVC used by the 'database-statefulset') to check the PVC details.
- Look for any errors or warnings related to provisioning or access.
- Verify that the PVC's 'Status' field is 'Bound' (indicating the volume is successfully attached to a pod).
2. Investigate the Persistent Volume (PV):
- Use 'kubectl get pv' to list all persistent volumes in the cluster.
- Find the PV that is bound to your PVC (the PV's 'Claim' field should match the name of your PVC).
- Use 'kubectl describe pv to examine the details of the PV. Look for:
- StorageClass: Check if the storage class used by the PV is appropriate for the database workload (e.g., is it provisioned with enough capacity, appropriate 1/0 performance, etc.).
- AccessModes: Ensure the access modes of the PV match the requirements of the database (e.g.,
'ReadWriteOnce' if the database is a single instance).
- Errors: Look for any error messages or warnings related to the PV.
3. Examine Pod Logs:
- Use 'kubectl logs (replace with the name of a crashing database pod) to examine the pod's logs. Look for any error messages related to the volume or database startup.
4. Check for Pod Events:
- Use 'kubectl describe pod to check the events for the pod. Events might provide clues about why the pod is crashing or why the volume is not properly mounted.
5. Possible Solutions:
- Recreate the PVC: If there is an error with the PVC itself, you can try recreating it. Delete the existing PVC, and then create a new one with the same specifications.
- Update StorageClass: If the storage class is not appropriate, consider switching to a different storage class that better meets the database's requirements.
- Increase Storage Capacity: If the database runs out of storage, increase the storage capacity of the PVC.
- Change AccessModes: If the PV access modes are not compatible with the database, update the access modes to match.
- Repair or Replace the PV: If the PV itself has issues, consider repairing the volume (if possible) or replacing it with a new one.
6. Monitor and Iterate:
- After making any changes, monitor the database pods to see if they are now able to start and run without crashing.
- Make sure that the database data is being persisted correctly by checking the volume's contents.
NEW QUESTION # 38
Score:7%
Context
An existing Pod needs to be integrated into the Kubernetes built-in logging architecture (e. g. kubectl logs). Adding a streaming sidecar container is a good and common way to accomplish this requirement.
Task
Add a sidecar container named sidecar, using the busybox Image, to the existing Pod big-corp-app. The new sidecar container has to run the following command:
/bin/sh -c tail -n+1 -f /va r/log/big-corp-app.log
Use a Volume, mounted at /var/log, to make the log file big-corp-app.log available to the sidecar container.
Answer:
Explanation:
Solution:
#
kubectl get pod big-corp-app -o yaml
#
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
name: big-corp-app
spec:
containers:
- name: big-corp-app
image: busybox
args:
- /bin/sh
- -c
- >
i=0;
while true;
do
echo "$(date) INFO $i" >> /var/log/big-corp-app.log;
i=$((i+1));
sleep 1;
done
volumeMounts:
- name: logs
mountPath: /var/log
- name: count-log-1
image: busybox
args: [/bin/sh, -c, 'tail -n+1 -f /var/log/big-corp-app.log']
volumeMounts:
- name: logs
mountPath: /var/log
volumes:
- name: logs
emptyDir: {
}
#
kubectl logs big-corp-app -c count-log-1
NEW QUESTION # 39
Ensure a single instance of pod nginx is running on each node of the Kubernetes cluster where nginx also represents the Image name which has to be used. Do not override any taints currently in place.
Use DaemonSet to complete this task and use ds-kusc00201 as DaemonSet name.
Answer:
Explanation:
See the solution below.
Explanation
solution
NEW QUESTION # 40
......
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