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| Section | Objectives |
|---|---|
| Topic 1: Data Center Interconnect (DCI) | - L2 and L3 DCI design patterns - EVPN-based interconnect solutions - Redundancy and high availability strategies |
| Topic 2: BGP and Routing in Data Center Environments | - Interoperability between routing domains - BGP EVPN address families - Route reflection and scaling design |
| Topic 3: Operations, Troubleshooting and Best Practices | - Troubleshooting BGP EVPN and VXLAN issues - Monitoring SR Linux and EVPN environments - Network optimization and scaling considerations |
| Topic 4: SR Linux Architecture and Fundamentals | - Configuration and operational models - Network operating system concepts and containerized routing functions - SR Linux system architecture and components |
| Topic 5: EVPN and VXLAN Data Center Fabric | - EVPN route types and MAC/IP advertisement - EVPN control plane fundamentals - VXLAN data plane and encapsulation |
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問題 #18
Which of the following statements about MAC mobility is TRUE?
答案:D
解題說明:
Comprehensive and Detailed 150 to 250 words of Explanation From [SR Linux EVPN and Data Center Interconnect/Course Guide/topics]:
MAC mobility is the EVPN mechanism used when a host MAC moves from one PE to another. The control plane uses a MAC Mobility extended community and sequence number behavior to determine the most recent valid location for the MAC. When a PE locally learns a MAC that was previously learned through EVPN, it advertises the MAC with an incremented sequence number, allowing remote PEs to prefer the newer location. Therefore, option B is wrong because the sequence number is not decremented. Option A is also wrong because the original PE does not advertise the locally learned MAC with a maximum sequence value as a normal mobility procedure. Option D is inaccurate because PEs do not need direct MAC table synchronization; they rely on EVPN control-plane advertisements and withdrawals. The true statement is option C: the originating PE generates a withdraw message after the same locally learned MAC ages out. This withdrawal removes stale reachability from remote PEs and prevents continued forwarding toward a PE that no longer has the host locally attached. Reference: EVPN MAC mobility, sequence-number handling, MAC route withdrawal after aging.
問題 #19
Consider the exhibit.
All three leafs have an EVPN MP-BGP session with the route reflector in Spine-1. Leaf-2 and Leaf-3 have existing instances of an L2 EVPN named MAC VRF-1. Leaf-1 has just enabled a new instance of MAC VRF-1.
Which of the following steps is NOT taken when this new instance is enabled?
答案:A
解題說明:
Comprehensive and Detailed 150 to 250 words of Explanation From [SR Linux EVPN and Data Center Interconnect/Course Guide/topics]:
When a new Layer 2 EVPN MAC-VRF instance is enabled, the PE advertises an Inclusive Multicast Ethernet Tag route, commonly called an IMET route or EVPN route type 3. The IMET route is used to auto-discover remote PEs that participate in the same EVPN service and to build the BUM flooding list for that MAC-VRF. In this topology, all leaf routers peer with the route reflector on Spine-1. Leaf-1 therefore advertises its IMET route to the route reflector, not directly to Leaf-2 and Leaf-3. The route reflector then reflects the EVPN update to the other client leaves. Leaf-2 and Leaf-3 import the route based on matching route-target policy and add Leaf-1 to the replication list for broadcast, unknown unicast, and multicast traffic. Option B is the step that is not taken because it incorrectly describes direct leaf-to-leaf EVPN advertisement. In a route-reflector design, the RR centralizes EVPN route distribution and avoids the need for a full mesh of MP-BGP EVPN sessions between leaves. Reference: EVPN RT-3 IMET route, route-reflector operation, BUM flooding-list auto-discovery.
問題 #20
Which of the following GARP functions is FALSE?
答案:B
解題說明:
Comprehensive and Detailed 150 to 250 words of Explanation From [SR Linux EVPN and Data Center Interconnect/Course Guide/topics]:
A Gratuitous ARP is an ARP message a host sends to announce or refresh its own IP-to-MAC binding without waiting for another host to request it. In a traditional Ethernet subnet, the GARP is sent as a broadcast so that other hosts can update their ARP caches with the sender's current MAC address. This is useful after a host boots, changes NICs, moves to another attachment point, or takes over an IP address in a redundancy scenario. In EVPN environments, GARPs are also important because a leaf can snoop the ARP information and update local proxy ARP and EVPN MAC/IP state. Option D is false because recipients do not acknowledge a gratuitous ARP with a reply. GARP is an announcement mechanism, not a request/response transaction. If every receiving host acknowledged a broadcast GARP, the result would be unnecessary ARP traffic amplification. The correct behavior is passive update of ARP state by receiving systems and, in EVPN, potential control-plane propagation of the learned binding by the local PE. Reference: GARP behavior, proxy ARP learning, Layer 2 EVPN endpoint update procedures.
問題 #21
Which of the following is always found in an extended community associated with an EVPN update?
答案:D
解題說明:
Comprehensive and Detailed 150 to 250 words of Explanation From [SR Linux EVPN and Data Center Interconnect/Course Guide/topics]:
The route target is the extended community consistently associated with EVPN updates to control route import and export between EVPN instances. In SR Linux EVPN services, route targets determine which MAC-VRF or IP-VRF should import a received EVPN route. This is essential for tenant separation because multiple tenants may use overlapping MAC or IP address spaces while sharing the same physical fabric and BGP control plane. The AFI/SAFI is not an extended community; it identifies the BGP address family and subsequent address family used to carry EVPN NLRI. The EVPN route type is also not an extended community; it is part of the EVPN NLRI structure and identifies whether the route is RT-1, RT-2, RT-3, RT-4, RT-5, and so on. The VXLAN network ID may be carried or inferred through service and encapsulation-specific attributes, but it is not universally present as the required extended community in every EVPN update. The route target is the mandatory policy element that enables receiving PEs to place EVPN routes into the correct service context. Reference: EVPN extended communities, route-target import/export policy, tenant service identification.
問題 #22
Which of the following statements about a L3 EVPN network using symmetric routing is FALSE?
答案:C
解題說明:
Comprehensive and Detailed 150 to 250 words of Explanation From [SR Linux EVPN and Data Center Interconnect/Course Guide/topics]:
Symmetric L3 EVPN routing uses an IP-VRF-based overlay model in which both ingress and egress PEs participate in routed forwarding. The ingress PE receives the frame from the local MAC-VRF, routes it into the IP-VRF, and sends it across the VXLAN routed interface. The egress PE receives the routed overlay packet, performs the corresponding IP-VRF lookup, and then forwards it into the locally attached destination MAC-VRF. Because the routed overlay is built per IP-VRF, a routed-VXLAN interface is required for that IP-VRF. EVPN route type 5 support is also required because RT-5 carries IP prefix reachability across the EVPN control plane. The false statement is option D. Symmetric routing specifically removes the requirement for every MAC-VRF to exist on every PE. A PE only needs the MAC-VRFs for locally attached subnets, plus the shared IP-VRF and routed overlay state. This is the major scaling advantage of symmetric routing compared with designs that require broad MAC-VRF instantiation across the fabric. Reference: symmetric L3 EVPN routing, routed VXLAN interface, RT-5 prefix reachability, MAC-VRF scaling.
問題 #23
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