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質問 # 185
A security engineer is troubleshooting an AWS Lambda function that is
namedMyLambdaFunction. The function is encountering an error when the function attempts to read the objects in an Amazon S3 bucket that is namedDOC-EXAMPLE-BUCKET. The S3 bucket has the following bucket policy:
{
"Effect": "Allow",
"Principal": { "Service": "lambda.amazonaws.com" },
"Action": "s3:GetObject",
"Resource": "arn:aws:s3:::DOC-EXAMPLE-BUCKET",
"Condition": {
"ArnLike": {
"aws:SourceArn": "arn:aws:lambda:::function:MyLambdaFunction"
}
}
}
Which change should the security engineer make to the policy to ensure that the Lambda function can read the bucket objects?
正解：C
解説：
The policy currently grants s3:GetObject but targets thebucket ARN(arn:aws:s3:::DOC- EXAMPLE- BUCKET). For Amazon S3, object-level actions such asGetObjectmust referenceobject ARNs, not the bucket ARN. The correct resource pattern is the bucket ARNwith
/*appended (for example, arn:aws:s3:::DOC-EXAMPLE-BUCKET/*) so the permission applies to objects within the bucket. Without this, S3 evaluates the request against a resource that does not match the requested object, resulting in an access denial even though the action appears correct.
質問 # 186
A company has decided to move its fleet of Linux-based web server instances to an Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling group. Currently, the instances are static and are launched manually. When an administrator needs to view log files, the administrator uses SSH to establish a connection to the instances and retrieves the logs manually.
The company often needs to query the logs to produce results about application sessions and user issues. The company does not want its new automatically scaling architecture to result in the loss of any log files when instances are scaled in.
Which combination of steps should a security engineer take to meet these requirements MOST cost-effectively? (Select TWO.)
正解：D、E
解説：
Amazon CloudWatch Logs is designed to collect, store, and analyze log data from ephemeral compute resources such as EC2 instances in Auto Scaling groups. According to the AWS Certified Security - Specialty Study Guide, using the CloudWatch agent to stream logs off instances ensures log durability even when instances are terminated during scale-in events.
CloudWatch Logs Insights provides a fully managed, serverless query engine that enables ad hoc querying, filtering, and aggregation of log data without requiring additional infrastructure. This directly satisfies the requirement to query logs for application sessions and user troubleshooting.
Option A introduces operational risk because logs could be lost between cron executions. Option B requires additional services and data pipelines, increasing cost and complexity. Option E adds storage cost and management overhead and is not necessary for log analytics.
AWS best practices recommend CloudWatch Logs and Logs Insights as the most cost-effective and scalable solution for centralized log retention and analysis in Auto Scaling environments.
質問 # 187
A company uses an organization in AWS Organizations to manage its 250 member accounts. The company also uses AWS IAM Identity Center with a SAML external identity provider (IdP). IAM Identity Center has been delegated to a member account. The company's security team has access to the delegated account.
The security team has been investigating a malicious internal user who might be accessing sensitive accounts.
The security team needs to know when the user logged into the organization during the last 7 days.
Which solution will quickly identify the access attempts?
正解：D
解説：
AWS CloudTrail is theauthoritative source for identity-related activityacross an AWS Organization.
According to the AWS Certified Security - Specialty Official Study Guide, CloudTrail recordsall AWS API calls and authentication events, including federated sign-ins that occur through AWS IAM Identity Center with an external SAML identity provider.
When IAM Identity Center is used,successful federated login events are logged in CloudTrailas ConsoleLogin and AssumeRoleWithSAML events. These events are recorded in theorganization's management accountwhen CloudTrail is configured as an organization trail. This allows security teams to centrally search and correlate authentication activity across all member accounts.
Option A is incorrect because CloudWatch Logs do not natively aggregate authentication events across an organization unless custom pipelines are built. Option B is not scalable and does not provide historical, organization-wide visibility. Option C is invalid because AWS does not ingest external IdP logs into EventBridge automatically, and IdP logs do not reflect AWS-side role assumptions.
AWS documentation explicitly states thatCloudTrail organization trails provide centralized visibility into user authentication and access activity across all accounts, making this the fastest and most reliable way to identify when a user logged in during a specific time window.
* AWS Certified Security - Specialty Official Study Guide
* AWS CloudTrail User Guide
* AWS IAM Identity Center Documentation
* AWS Organizations Best Practices
質問 # 188
A company uses an organization in AWS Organizations and AWS IAM Identity Center to manage its AWS environment. The company configures IAM Identity Center to access the company's on-premises Active Directory through a properly configured AD Connector. All the company's employees are in an Active Directory group named Cloud.
The employees can view and access nearly all the AWS accounts in the organization, and the employees have the permissions that they require. However, the employees cannot access an account named Account A. The company verifies that Account A exists in the organization.
What is the likely reason that the employees are unable to access Account A?
正解：C
解説：
In AWS IAM Identity Center (formerly AWS Single Sign-On), users and groups do not automatically gain access to all accounts in an AWS Organization simply because the accounts exist. Access is explicitly granted by assigning a principal (user or group) to a specific AWS account along with a permission set. Permission sets define the IAM policies that are provisioned into the target account as IAM roles.
In this scenario, employees in the Cloud Active Directory group can access nearly all AWS accounts, which confirms that AD Connector synchronization is functioning correctly, eliminating option B. The fact that Account A exists but is inaccessible strongly indicates that the required account assignment is missing.
Without explicitly assigning the Cloud group to Account A with a valid permission set, IAM Identity Center will not provision the necessary IAM role, and users will not see or access the account in the AWS access portal.
Option A is incorrect because accounts do not need to be placed in an OU to be accessible through IAM Identity Center. Option D is incorrect because IAM permissions boundaries do not control access to entire accounts and are not applied at the account level to block IAM Identity Center access.
AWS Security Specialty documentation emphasizes that account assignments are mandatory for IAM Identity Center access, making option C the correct answer.
質問 # 189
A corporate cloud security policy states that communications between the company ' s VPC and KMS must travel entirely within the AWS network and not use public service endpoints.
Which combination of the following actions MOST satisfies this requirement? (Select TWO.)
正解：C、E
解説：
To ensure traffic from a VPC to AWS KMS stays on the AWS network and does not use public endpoints, you should use aninterface VPC endpoint (AWS PrivateLink) for KMS. Creating aVPC endpoint for KMS with private DNS enabled(Option C) causes standard KMS DNS names (for example, kms. < region > .
amazonaws.com) to resolve to theprivateendpoint IPs inside the VPC, routing requests over the AWS private network rather than through the internet. This is the core networking control that satisfies "no public service endpoints." To enforce that only calls that come through the intended VPC endpoint can use the key, add an authorization guardrail in theKMS key policyusing the aws:sourceVpce condition (Option A). This ensures that even if a principal has credentials, KMS will deny usage unless the request is made via the specified VPC endpoint, preventing accidental or malicious use over public paths.
Option B is neither necessary nor sufficient: removing an internet gateway does not prevent all public endpoint use (NAT, other egress paths, or other VPCs could still be involved) and can break workloads.
Option D is unrelated to runtime KMS API traffic. Option E is weaker because SourceIp checks can be bypassed via other AWS network paths and does not guarantee PrivateLink usage the way sourceVpce does.
質問 # 190
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