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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Data Store Management | 26% | - Choose a data store
|
| Data Operations and Support | 22% | - Automate data pipelines
|
| Data Security and Governance | 18% | - Apply authentication and authorization
|
| Data Ingestion and Transformation | 34% | - Transform and process data
|
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NEW QUESTION # 204
A company receives .csv files that contain physical address data. The data is in columns that have the following names: Door_No, Street_Name, City, and Zip_Code. The company wants to create a single column to store these values in the following format:
Which solution will meet this requirement with the LEAST coding effort?
Answer: B
Explanation:
The NEST TO MAP transformation allows you to combine multiple columns into a single column that contains a JSON object with key-value pairs. This is the easiest way to achieve the desired format for the physical address data, as you can simply select the columns to nest and specify the keys for each column. The NEST TO ARRAY transformation creates a single column that contains an array of values, which is not the same as the JSON object format. The PIVOT transformation reshapes the data by creating new columns from unique values in a selected column, which is not applicable for this use case. Writing a Lambda function in Python requires more coding effort than using AWS Glue DataBrew, which provides a visual and interactive interface for data transformations. References:
* 7 most common data preparation transformations in AWS Glue DataBrew (Section: Nesting and unnesting columns)
* NEST TO MAP - AWS Glue DataBrew (Section: Syntax)
NEW QUESTION # 205
During a security review, a company identified a vulnerability in an AWS Glue job. The company discovered that credentials to access an Amazon Redshift cluster were hard coded in the job script.
A data engineer must remediate the security vulnerability in the AWS Glue job. The solution must securely store the credentials.
Which combination of steps should the data engineer take to meet these requirements? (Choose two.)
Answer: B,D
Explanation:
AWS Secrets Manager is a service that allows you to securely store and manage secrets, such as database credentials, API keys, passwords, etc. You can use Secrets Manager to encrypt, rotate, and audit your secrets, as well as to control access to them using fine-grained policies. AWS Glue is a fully managed service that provides a serverless data integration platform for data preparation, data cataloging, and data loading. AWS Glue jobs allow you to transform and load data from various sources into various targets, using either a graphical interface (AWS Glue Studio) or a code-based interface (AWS Glue console or AWS Glue API).
Storing the credentials in AWS Secrets Manager and granting the AWS Glue job 1AM role access to the stored credentials will meet the requirements, as it will remediate the security vulnerability in the AWS Glue job and securely store the credentials. By using AWS Secrets Manager, you can avoid hard coding the credentials in the job script, which is a bad practice that exposes the credentials to unauthorized access or leakage. Instead, you can store the credentials as a secret in Secrets Manager and reference the secret name or ARN in the job script. You can also use Secrets Manager to encrypt the credentials using AWS Key Management Service (AWS KMS), rotate the credentials automatically or on demand, and monitor the access to the credentials using AWS CloudTrail. By granting the AWS Glue job 1AM role access to the stored credentials, you can use the principle of least privilege to ensure that only the AWS Glue job can retrieve the credentials from Secrets Manager. You can also use resource-based or tag-based policies to further restrict the access to the credentials.
The other options are not as secure as storing the credentials in AWS Secrets Manager and granting the AWS Glue job 1AM role access to the stored credentials. Storing the credentials in the AWS Glue job parameters will not remediate the security vulnerability, as the job parameters are still visible in the AWS Glue console and API. Storing the credentials in a configuration file that is in an Amazon S3 bucket and accessing the credentials from the configuration file by using the AWS Glue job will not be as secure as using Secrets Manager, as the configuration file may not be encrypted or rotated, and the access to the file may not be audited or controlled. Reference:
AWS Secrets Manager
AWS Glue
AWS Certified Data Engineer - Associate DEA-C01 Complete Study Guide, Chapter 6: Data Integration and Transformation, Section 6.1: AWS Glue
NEW QUESTION # 206
A company plans to use Amazon Kinesis Data Firehose to store data in Amazon S3. The source data consists of 2 MB csv files. The company must convert the .csv files to JSON format. The company must store the files in Apache Parquet format.
Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST development effort?
Answer: C
Explanation:
The company wants to use Amazon Kinesis Data Firehose to transform CSV files into JSON format and store the files in Apache Parquet format with the least development effort.
Option B: Use Kinesis Data Firehose to convert the CSV files to JSON and to store the files in Parquet format.
Kinesis Data Firehose supports data format conversion natively, including converting incoming CSV data to JSON format and storing the resulting files in Parquet format in Amazon S3. This solution requires the least development effort because it uses built-in transformation features of Kinesis Data Firehose.
Other options (A, C, D) involve invoking AWS Lambda functions, which would introduce additional complexity and development effort compared to Kinesis Data Firehose's native format conversion capabilities.
Reference:
Amazon Kinesis Data Firehose Documentation
NEW QUESTION # 207
An ecommerce company wants to use AWS to migrate data pipelines from an on-premises environment into the AWS Cloud. The company currently uses a third-party too in the on-premises environment to orchestrate data ingestion processes.
The company wants a migration solution that does not require the company to manage servers. The solution must be able to orchestrate Python and Bash scripts. The solution must not require the company to refactor any code.
Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST operational overhead?
Answer: C
Explanation:
The ecommerce company wants to migrate its data pipelines into the AWS Cloud without managing servers, and the solution must orchestrate Python and Bash scripts without refactoring code. Amazon Managed Workflows for Apache Airflow (Amazon MWAA) is the most suitable solution for this scenario.
Option B: Amazon Managed Workflows for Apache Airflow (Amazon MWAA)
MWAA is a managed orchestration service that supports Python and Bash scripts via Directed Acyclic Graphs (DAGs) for workflows. It is a serverless, managed version of Apache Airflow, which is commonly used for orchestrating complex data workflows, making it an ideal choice for migrating existing pipelines without refactoring. It supports Python, Bash, and other scripting languages, and the company would not need to manage the underlying infrastructure.
Other options:
AWS Lambda (Option A) is more suited for event-driven workflows but would require breaking down the pipeline into individual Lambda functions, which may require refactoring.
AWS Step Functions (Option C) is good for orchestration but lacks native support for Python and Bash without using Lambda functions, and it may require code changes.
AWS Glue (Option D) is an ETL service primarily for data transformation and not suitable for orchestrating general scripts without modification.
Reference:
Amazon Managed Workflows for Apache Airflow (MWAA) Documentation
NEW QUESTION # 208
A company currently uses a provisioned Amazon EMR cluster that includes general purpose Amazon EC2 instances. The EMR cluster uses EMR managed scaling between one to five task nodes for the company's long-running Apache Spark extract, transform, and load (ETL) job. The company runs the ETL job every day.
When the company runs the ETL job, the EMR cluster quickly scales up to five nodes. The EMR cluster often reaches maximum CPU usage, but the memory usage remains under 30%.
The company wants to modify the EMR cluster configuration to reduce the EMR costs to run the daily ETL job.
Which solution will meet these requirements MOST cost-effectively?
Answer: B
Explanation:
The company's Apache Spark ETL job on Amazon EMR uses high CPU but low memory, meaning that compute-optimized EC2 instances would be the most cost-effective choice. These instances are designed for high-performance compute applications, where CPU usage is high, but memory needs are minimal, which is exactly the case here.
* Compute Optimized Instances:
* Compute-optimized instances, such as the C5 series, provide a higher ratio of CPU to memory, which is more suitable for jobs with high CPU usage and relatively low memory consumption.
* Switching from general-purpose EC2 instances to compute-optimized instances can reduce costs while improving performance, as these instances are optimized for workloads like Spark jobs that perform a lot of computation.
NEW QUESTION # 209
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