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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| System Hacking | 8% | - Maintaining Access - Privilege Escalation - Clearing Tracks & Logs - Gaining Access: Password Attacks |
| Footprinting and Reconnaissance | 7% | - DNS, WHOIS, Network Mapping - OSINT Techniques - Reconnaissance Concepts - Reconnaissance Countermeasures |
| Mobile Platforms | 4% | - Android & iOS Vulnerabilities - Mobile Attack Vectors - Mobile Device Security |
| Scanning Networks | 8% | - AI-Assisted Scanning - Scanning Countermeasures - Host & Port Discovery - Scanning Beyond IDS/Firewall - Network Scanning Basics - Service & OS Fingerprinting |
| Cloud Computing | 5% | - Cloud Security Risks - Cloud Models & Services - Cloud Security Best Practices - AWS, Azure, GCP Attacks |
| Introduction to Ethical Hacking | 5% | - Legal and Ethical Compliance - Ethical Hacking Methodology - Cyber Kill Chain & MITRE ATT&CK - Information Security Concepts |
| Vulnerability Analysis | 8% | - Vulnerability Research & Databases - Vulnerability Classification & Scoring - Scanning & Analysis Tools - Vulnerability Assessment Lifecycle |
| Web Server & Application Attacks | 8% | - Web Application Attacks: XSS, CSRF - API Security Risks - Web Security Countermeasures - Web Server Vulnerabilities - SQL Injection & Command Injection |
| Denial-of-Service | 4% | - DDoS Tools - Attack Techniques & Botnets - Defense Mechanisms - DoS & DDoS Concepts |
| Cryptography | 5% | - Cryptography in Practice - Public Key Infrastructure - Cryptanalysis & Attacks - Encryption Concepts & Algorithms |
| Session Hijacking | 4% | - Hijacking Techniques - Countermeasures - Session Hijacking Concepts - Application & Network Level Hijacking |
| Sniffing | 5% | - Sniffing Countermeasures - Sniffing Tools & Techniques - MITM Attacks - Packet Sniffing Concepts |
| Social Engineering | 6% | - Identity Theft - Countermeasures & Awareness - Social Engineering Concepts - Phishing, Pretexting, Baiting |
| Evading IDS, Firewalls, and Honeypots | 5% | - Evasion Techniques - IDS, IPS, Firewall Technologies - Honeypot Concepts & Detection |
| Malware Threats | 7% | - Malware Types: Trojans, Viruses, Worms - APT & Fileless Malware - Malware Analysis & Countermeasures - AI-Powered Malware |
| IoT & OT Security | 4% | - Security Controls - IoT/OT Architecture & Risks - Attacks on IoT & OT Systems |
| Wireless Networks | 5% | - Security Best Practices - Wireless Hacking Tools - Wireless Threats & Attacks - Wireless Encryption: WEP, WPA2, WPA3 |
| Enumeration | 7% | - Enumeration Countermeasures - NetBIOS, SNMP, LDAP Enumeration - Enumeration Concepts - AI-Driven Enumeration - DNS, SMTP, NFS Enumeration |
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NEW QUESTION # 606
Which protocol is insecure by default?
Answer: B
Explanation:
Telnet is insecure by default because it transmits data, including usernames and passwords, in plaintext without encryption, making it vulnerable to interception and sniffing attacks.
NEW QUESTION # 607
While testing a web application in development, you notice that the web server does not properly ignore the
"dot dot slash" (../) character string and instead returns the file listing of a folder structure of the server.
What kind of attack is possible in this scenario?
Answer: A
Explanation:
Appropriately controlling admittance to web content is significant for running a safe web worker. Index crossing or Path Traversal is a HTTP assault which permits aggressors to get to limited catalogs and execute orders outside of the web worker's root registry.
Web workers give two primary degrees of security instruments
* Access Control Lists (ACLs)
* Root index
An Access Control List is utilized in the approval cycle. It is a rundown which the web worker's manager uses to show which clients or gatherings can get to, change or execute specific records on the worker, just as other access rights.
The root registry is a particular index on the worker record framework in which the clients are kept. Clients can't get to anything over this root.
For instance: the default root registry of IIS on Windows is C:\Inetpub\wwwroot and with this arrangement, a client doesn't approach C:\Windows yet approaches C:\Inetpub\wwwroot\news and some other indexes and documents under the root catalog (given that the client is confirmed by means of the ACLs).
The root index keeps clients from getting to any documents on the worker, for example, C:\WINDOWS
/system32/win.ini on Windows stages and the/and so on/passwd record on Linux/UNIX stages.
This weakness can exist either in the web worker programming itself or in the web application code.
To play out a registry crossing assault, all an assailant requires is an internet browser and some information on where to aimlessly discover any default documents and registries on the framework.
What an assailant can do if your site is defenselessWith a framework defenseless against index crossing, an aggressor can utilize this weakness to venture out of the root catalog and access different pieces of the record framework. This may enable the assailant to see confined documents, which could give the aggressor more data needed to additional trade off the framework.
Contingent upon how the site access is set up, the aggressor will execute orders by mimicking himself as the client which is related with "the site". Along these lines everything relies upon what the site client has been offered admittance to in the framework.
Illustration of a Directory Traversal assault by means of web application codeIn web applications with dynamic pages, input is generally gotten from programs through GET or POST solicitation techniques. Here is an illustration of a HTTP GET demand URL GET
http://test.webarticles.com/show.asp?view=oldarchive.html HTTP/1.1
Host: test.webarticles.com
With this URL, the browser requests the dynamic page show.asp from the server and with it also sends the parameter view with the value of oldarchive.html. When this request is executed on the web server, show.
asp retrieves the file oldarchive.html from the server's file system, renders it and then sends it back to the browser which displays it to the user. The attacker would assume that show.asp can retrieve files from the file system and sends the following custom URL.
GET
http://test.webarticles.com/show.asp?view=../../../../../Windows/system.ini HTTP/1.1 Host: test.webarticles.com This will cause the dynamic page to retrieve the file system.ini from the file system and display it to the user.
The expression ../ instructs the system to go one directory up which is commonly used as an operating system directive. The attacker has to guess how many directories he has to go up to find the Windows folder on the system, but this is easily done by trial and error.
Example of a Directory Traversal attack via web serverApart from vulnerabilities in the code, even the web server itself can be open to directory traversal attacks. The problem can either be incorporated into the web server software or inside some sample script files left available on the server.
The vulnerability has been fixed in the latest versions of web server software, but there are web servers online which are still using older versions of IIS and Apache which might be open to directory traversal attacks.
Even though you might be using a web server software version that has fixed this vulnerability, you might still have some sensitive default script directories exposed which are well known to hackers.
For example, a URL request which makes use of the scripts directory of IIS to traverse directories and execute a command can be GET
http://server.com/scripts/..%5c../Windows/System32/cmd.exe?/c+dir+c:\ HTTP/1.1 Host: server.com The request would return to the user a list of all files in the C:\ directory by executing the cmd.exe command shell file and run the command dir c:\ in the shell. The %5c expression that is in the URL request is a web server escape code which is used to represent normal characters. In this case %5c represents the character \.
Newer versions of modern web server software check for these escape codes and do not let them through.
Some older versions however, do not filter out these codes in the root directory enforcer and will let the attackers execute such commands.
NEW QUESTION # 608
When configuring wireless on his home router, Javik disables SSID broadcast. He leaves authentication
"open" but sets the SSID to a 32-character string of random letters and numbers.
What is an accurate assessment of this scenario from a security perspective?
Answer: D
Explanation:
In CEH v13 Module 11: Hacking Wireless Networks, it is explained that disabling SSID broadcast only hides the SSID from casual scanning, not from determined attackers.
When a legitimate client connects to a hidden SSID, the SSID is included in the probe request and association packets, which can be easily sniffed using tools like Wireshark or Kismet.
Leaving authentication open adds no real protection.
Attackers can still capture traffic and use it to determine the SSID and connect to the access point.
Reference:
Module 11 - Wireless Reconnaissance and Attacks
CEH iLabs: Sniffing Hidden SSID and Open Authentication Attacks
NEW QUESTION # 609
At Horizon Legal Services in Boston, Massachusetts, ethical hacker Daniel Price is tasked with assessing the security of the firm's mobile case-tracking app. During testing, he finds that confidential case notes and client records are kept locally on the device without encryption. By browsing the file system with a standard explorer tool, he can open sensitive information without any authentication. Which OWASP Top 10 Mobile Risk is most clearly present in the app?
Answer: D
Explanation:
Sensitive data is stored locally on the device without encryption or access controls, allowing unauthorized access. This directly corresponds to insecure data storage, a common mobile security risk.
NEW QUESTION # 610
As a certified ethical hacker, you have been engaged to evaluate the security protocols of a smart city project. This cutting-edge venture incorporates an interconnected system featuring intelligent traffic lights, public Wi-Fi points, and advanced water management facilities. Upon evaluating the IoT network's logs, you stumble upon anomalous traffic patterns, signifying a high volume of data exchange between a particular traffic light and an external IP address. Your further investigation reveals that this traffic light has an inexplicably open port. Given the gravity of these revelations, what would be your subsequent course of action?
Answer: C
Explanation:
Isolating the affected traffic light immediately contains the potential compromise, prevents further data exfiltration or lateral movement within the IoT network, and allows safe forensic analysis of the device's firmware to determine how the open port and anomalous communication were introduced.
NEW QUESTION # 611
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