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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Topic 1: Information Security | 15% | - Data protection and compliance basics - Security controls: access, encryption, backups - Threats, vulnerabilities, and risks |
| Topic 2: Computer Hardware | 20% | - System architecture and performance factors - Core components: CPU, memory, storage - Input/output devices and peripherals |
| Topic 3: Data Management and Business IT | 10% | - Databases and data storage concepts - IT infrastructure, continuity, and support |
| Topic 4: Software and Operating Systems | 20% | - OS fundamentals: Windows, macOS, Linux - File management, installation, and updates - Types of software: system vs application |
| Topic 5: Networking Concepts | 20% | - Internet, cloud, and remote access technologies - Network types, topologies, and protocols - TCP/IP, IP addressing, and connectivity |
| Topic 6: Introduction to IT as a Discipline | 15% | - IT roles and career paths - Ethics and professional responsibilities in IT - IT department functions and business support |
>> WGU Introduction-to-IT学習資料 <<
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質問 # 59
Which technology is characteristic of second-generation computing?
正解:D
解説:
Second-generation computers, roughly from the mid-1950s to the early 1960s, are characterized by the replacement of vacuum tubes with transistors as the primary electronic switching device. Transistors were a major improvement because they were smaller in size, generated far less heat, used less electrical power, and were more reliable than vacuum tubes. This reduced maintenance needs and hardware failures, making computers more stable and suitable for wider organizational use. Performance also improved because transistors could switch faster than vacuum tubes, enabling quicker processing and more efficient operation.
During this era, computers also advanced in software support, with greater use of assembly language and the introduction of early high-level programming languages such as FORTRAN and COBOL. These developments made programming more practical and increased adoption in scientific calculations and business data processing. Microprocessors belong to a much later stage, artificial intelligence is typically linked to later generations, and nanotechnology is a modern fabrication concept. Therefore, transistors are the defining technology of second-generation computing.
質問 # 60
What is the hardware component that contains soldered parts and slots for other pieces of hardware that can be removed?
正解:D
解説:
The motherboard is the main circuit board in a computer that contains soldered components and provides slots and connectors for removable hardware. In Information Technology hardware fundamentals, the motherboard holds essential components such as chipset circuitry, connectors, and sometimes integrated devices like audio or network controllers. It also provides sockets and slots for components that may be installed or replaced, such as the CPU socket, RAM slots, and expansion slots like PCIe for graphics cards or other add-on cards.
The motherboard includes pathways called buses that enable communication among the processor, memory, storage, and peripheral devices. A hard drive is a storage device and does not serve as the central board for system components. The system clock is a timing mechanism, not a physical board containing multiple slots.
An expansion bus refers to a communication pathway standard, not the full board that hosts multiple connectors and soldered parts. Therefore, the component described is the motherboard.
質問 # 61
What translates and executes source code into machine language one line at a time?
正解:B
解説:
An interpreter translates and executes source code one line at a time. In Information Technology, interpretation is a method of program execution where each statement is read, translated into machine-level actions, and executed immediately. This allows programmers to test and debug quickly because errors are often reported at the line where execution stops. Many scripting languages and interactive environments use interpreters, supporting rapid development and flexibility. Unlike a compiler, which translates the entire program into a machine code file that can be executed later, an interpreter generally requires the source code or intermediate representation to be present at runtime. An assembler is used for assembly language and converts mnemonic instructions into machine code, but it is not typically described as executing source code one line at a time. The operating system manages system resources and provides services, but it is not the tool that translates programming language source code into machine language during execution. Therefore, the correct answer for translating and executing code line by line is interpreter.
質問 # 62
What is the arrangement of network devices in a mesh topology?
正解:C
解説:
In a mesh topology, every device is connected to every other device. In Information Technology networking fundamentals, a full mesh topology provides multiple direct paths between nodes, which improves redundancy and fault tolerance. If one connection fails, data can often be rerouted through other links, reducing the chance of total network disruption. This makes mesh designs valuable for mission-critical environments where high availability is required. However, the number of connections grows quickly as devices increase, which raises cost, complexity, and management overhead. The other options describe different topologies: a star topology connects all devices to a central device such as a switch, a bus topology connects devices to a single shared communication line, and a ring topology connects each device to exactly two others, forming a loop. Because the defining feature of a mesh is the extensive interconnection among devices, the correct description is that every device is connected to every other device. Therefore, the correct answer is option C.
質問 # 63
A programmer needs to create a variable that holds the number of lightbulbs in a pack. What is the name of the data type that should be used?
正解:A
解説:
A variable that holds the number of lightbulbs in a pack should use an integer data type because the value is a count expressed as a whole number. In programming and database contexts, integers are used for quantities that do not require fractions, such as number of items, units sold, students in a class, or days in a month.
Choosing an integer type supports efficient memory usage, accurate arithmetic for counting, and proper validation rules such as preventing non-whole values. A Boolean type would be incorrect because it can store only two states, such as true or false. Floating-point types are designed for values that may include decimals, such as measurements or scientific values, and can introduce rounding behavior that is unnecessary for simple counts. Character data is used for single symbols or letters, not numerical counts intended for arithmetic. In Information Technology best practices, selecting the most appropriate data type reduces errors and improves data integrity. Therefore, the correct data type for the number of lightbulbs in a pack is integer.
質問 # 64
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