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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Logging and Monitoring | 20% | - Design and implement log analysis and management - Design and implement monitoring and alerting solutions - Troubleshoot security monitoring and alerting |
| Infrastructure Security | 26% | - Architect network security segmentation (VPC architecture) - Design and implement host-based security - Design and implement edge security on AWS - AWS Secret Manager and AWS Systems Manager Parameter Store |
| Identity and Access Management | 20% | - Implement temporary credentials and federation - Design and implement identity and access management architecture - Troubleshoot IAM-based authentication and authorization issues - Design and implement cross-account access management |
| Incident Response | 12% | - Identify, collect, and preserve forensic evidence - Determine root cause and recurrence prevention - Given an AWS security incident, outline the investigation and mitigation steps |
| Data Protection | 22% | - AWS CloudTrail and encryption key audit - AWS Key Management Service (KMS) and customer managed keys - Database encryption and access control - Amazon S3 security best practices - Design and implement encryption solutions for data at rest and in transit |
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NEW QUESTION # 167
A company runs a global ecommerce website that is hosted on AWS. The company uses Amazon CloudFront to serve content to its user base. The company wants to block inbound traffic from a specific set of countries to comply with recent data regulation policies.
Which solution will meet these requirements MOST cost-effectively?
Answer: D
Explanation:
Amazon CloudFront includes a native geo restriction (geoblocking) capability that allows content owners to control access to their distributions based on the geographic location of the viewer. The viewer's country is determined using the IP address from which the request originates. According to the AWS Certified Security
- Specialty Official Study Guide and the Amazon CloudFront Developer Guide, geo restriction is specifically designed for scenarios where organizations must comply with regional regulations, licensing requirements, or data sovereignty policies.
From a cost perspective, CloudFront geo restriction is the most cost-effective solution because it is configured directly within the CloudFront distribution and does not require AWS WAF. AWS WAF introduces additional costs for web ACLs, rules, and request processing, which is unnecessary when the requirement is limited strictly to blocking or allowing access based on country.
Option A is incorrect because maintaining IP ranges for entire countries is operationally complex, error-prone, and not scalable. Country-level IP ranges frequently change, making this approach unsuitable and inefficient.
Option B, although technically valid, is not the most cost-effective choice because AWS WAF geo match rules incur additional charges and are intended for advanced Layer 7 security controls such as application- layer attacks. Option D is incorrect because geolocation headers provided by CloudFront are informational only and cannot independently enforce access control decisions.
AWS documentation explicitly recommends CloudFront geo restriction when the sole requirement is country- based access control, reserving AWS WAF for advanced security inspection and threat mitigation use cases.
AWS Certified Security - Specialty Official Study Guide
Amazon CloudFront Developer Guide - Geo Restriction
AWS Well-Architected Framework - Security Pillar
AWS Security Best Practices Documentation
NEW QUESTION # 168
A company's security policy requires all Amazon EC2 instances to use the Amazon Time Sync Service. AWS CloudTrail trails are enabled in all of the company's AWS accounts. VPC flow logs are enabled for all VPCs.
A security engineer must identify any EC2 instances that attempt to use Network Time Protocol (NTP) servers on the internet.
Which solution will meet these requirements?
Answer: A
Explanation:
To identify EC2 instances attempting to use Network Time Protocol (NTP) servers on the internet instead of the Amazon Time Sync Service, monitoring VPC flow logs is appropriate. VPC flow logs capture details about traffic to and from EC2 instances, including any traffic directed to external NTP servers. By analyzing these logs for traffic to non-standard time servers (IP addresses other than the Amazon Time Sync Service endpoint ), the security engineer can identify instances that are not complying with the company's policy.
169.254.169.123
NEW QUESTION # 169
A security engineer for a company needs to design an incident response plan that addresses compromised IAM user account credentials. The company uses an organization in AWS Organizations and AWS IAM Identity Center to manage user access. The company uses a delegated administrator account to implement AWS Security Hub. The delegated administrator account contains an organizational trail in AWS CloudTrail that logs all events to an Amazon S3 bucket. The company has also configured an organizational event data store that captures all events from the trail.
The incident response plan must provide steps that the security engineer can take to immediately disable any compromised IAM user when the security engineer receives a notification of a security incident. The plan must prevent the IAM user from being used in any AWS account. The plan must also collect all AWS actions that the compromised IAM user performed across all accounts in the previous 7 days.
Which solution will meet these requirements?
Answer: C
Explanation:
When AWS IAM Identity Center is used to manage user access across an AWS Organization, Identity Center is the authoritative control plane for enabling and disabling user access. According to the AWS Certified Security - Specialty Official Study Guide, disabling a user in IAM Identity Center immediately prevents that user from accessing any AWS account or role that is assigned through permission sets, satisfying the requirement to stop access organization-wide.
Disabling an IAM user in a single account or removing attached policies (Options A and B) does not prevent access through IAM Identity Center-managed roles in other accounts. Option C is incomplete because removing permission sets does not immediately disable authentication and still requires querying logs from an unsupported source.
For investigation and evidence collection, AWS CloudTrail organizational event data stores provide centralized, queryable access to all management and data events across all accounts in the organization.
CloudTrail Lake enables security engineers to run SQL-based queries directly against event data without exporting logs to other services. This allows rapid collection of all actions that the compromised user performed during the last 7 days.
AWS documentation explicitly identifies the combination of IAM Identity Center for access revocation and CloudTrail Lake for organization-wide investigation as a best practice for identity-related incident response.
AWS Certified Security - Specialty Official Study Guide
AWS IAM Identity Center Documentation
AWS CloudTrail Lake User Guide
AWS Incident Response Best Practices
NEW QUESTION # 170
A company has an encrypted Amazon Aurora DB cluster in the us-east-1 Region. The DB cluster is encrypted with an AWS Key Management Service (AWS KMS) customer managed key. To meet compliance requirements, the company needs to copy a DB snapshot to the us-west-1 Region. However, when the company tries to copy the snapshot to us-west-1, the company cannot access the key that was used to encrypt the original database.
What should the company do to set up the snapshot in us-west-1 with proper encryption?
Answer: A
Explanation:
AWS Key Management Service (KMS) customer managed keys areregional resources. According to the AWS Certified Security - Specialty Official Study Guide and KMS documentation, a KMS key created in one AWS Regioncannot be used directly in another Region. When copying an encrypted Amazon Aurora DB snapshot across Regions, the destination Region must have access to a KMS keythat exists in that Region.
Because the original KMS key resides in us-east-1, it cannot be accessed or referenced in us-west-1. The correct and supported approach is tocreate a new customer managed KMS key in us-west-1and specify that key when performing the cross-Region snapshot copy. Amazon RDS automatically decrypts the snapshot using the source Region key and re-encrypts it using the destination Region key during the copy process.
Option A is invalid because KMS keys cannot be stored or transferred through AWS Secrets Manager.
Options C and D are incorrect because IAM policies cannot grant cross-Region usage of a KMS key; KMS enforces strict regional boundaries regardless of IAM permissions.
AWS documentation clearly states thatcross-Region encrypted snapshot copies require a KMS key in the destination Region, making this approach mandatory for compliance and encryption continuity.
* AWS Certified Security - Specialty Official Study Guide
* AWS Key Management Service Developer Guide
* Amazon Aurora Security Documentation
NEW QUESTION # 171
A company allows users to download its mobile app onto their phones. The app is MQTT based and connects to AWS IoT Core to subscribe to specific client-related topics. Recently, the company discovered that some malicious attackers have been trying to get a Trojan horse onto legitimate mobile phones. The Trojan horse poses as the authentic application and uses a client ID with injected special characters to gain access to topics outside the client ' s privilege scope.
Which combination of actions should the company take to prevent this threat? (Select TWO.)
Answer: A,B
Explanation:
The threat is client ID manipulation to break authorization boundaries. The strongest control is tobind the MQTT client identity to the authenticated device identity(the Thing) rather than trusting arbitrary client IDs provided by the client. Using theThing name as the client ID(Option A) removes ambiguity and makes the identifier predictable and tied to a registered identity.
On the authorization side, AWS IoT Core policies can use policy variables. Allowing iot:Connect only when the resource matches client/${iot:Connection.Thing.ThingName} (Option E) ensures the connection is permittedonlyif the client ID exactly equals the authenticated Thing name from the TLS certificate/Thing principal context. This prevents attackers from injecting special characters or choosing a different client ID to escalate access, because the policy evaluation ties the allowed client resource to the Thing identity, not the attacker-controlled string.
Option D is weaker because it effectively allows whatever client ID is presented (it matches the same value the client supplies), so it does not prevent crafted client IDs from being used. Option C is unrelated to the described MQTT connect authorization (and references an action not aligned with the scenario). Option B is an application-side check and can be bypassed by a malicious client; enforcement must be at AWS IoT Core policy level.
NEW QUESTION # 172
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