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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Specimen Processing & Handling | 14% | - Aliquoting & preservation - Transport & storage requirements - Documentation & tracking - Processing & centrifugation - Specimen rejection criteria |
| Routine Blood Collections | 28% | - Capillary puncture procedures - Post-collection care & labeling - Order of draw & tube selection - Venipuncture techniques & equipment - Tourniquet use & vein assessment |
| Special Collections | 12% | - Pediatric & geriatric collections - Therapeutic drug monitoring - Blood alcohol & legal collections - Blood cultures & sterile collection - Glucose tolerance & dynamic tests |
| Safety and Compliance | 26% | - HIPAA & patient confidentiality - PPE & sharps disposal - Bloodborne pathogens & exposure control - Infection control & OSHA standards - Quality control & error prevention |
| Patient Preparation | 20% | - Patient identification & verification - Patient positioning & comfort - Requisition review & test verification - Informed consent & communication - Site selection & preparation |
>> NHA Phlebotomy-Technician Lernhilfe <<
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20. Frage
Which of the following terms means a decrease in white blood cells?
Antwort: D
Begründung:
Leukopenia means a decreased number of white blood cells. "Leuko-" refers to white blood cells, and "-penia" means deficiency or decrease. Leukocytosis means an increased white blood cell count and is often associated with infection, inflammation, stress response, or hematologic disorders. Thrombocytopenia means a decreased platelet count, which can increase bleeding risk after venipuncture. Erythrocytosis means an increased red blood cell count. This terminology matters to phlebotomy because laboratory orders and patient conditions often use hematologic language. The phlebotomist does not diagnose these conditions, but understanding terms helps the technician anticipate safety concerns and specimen requirements. For example, thrombocytopenia may require longer pressure after collection, while leukopenia may be associated with immunocompromised status and strict infection-control awareness. A CBC is the common test used to evaluate red cells, white cells, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and platelets. Reference topics: Phlebotomy Fundamentals; medical terminology; hematology; CBC components; blood cell disorders.
21. Frage
Which of the following sites should a phlebotomist use for collecting a capillary blood specimen from an adult patient?
Antwort: D
Begründung:
For an adult capillary blood specimen, the third digit with the cut perpendicular to the fingerprint grooves is the best answer. The third digit is the middle finger, one of the preferred fingers for dermal puncture because it usually has adequate tissue depth and blood flow. The incision should be made perpendicular to the fingerprint lines so blood forms a rounded drop instead of running along the fingerprint grooves, which improves collection efficiency and reduces specimen smearing. The second digit, or index finger, is generally avoided because it may be more calloused or sensitive and is used frequently for touch. The fifth digit should be avoided because it has less tissue depth and greater risk of bone injury. A cut parallel to fingerprint grooves is technically poor because blood can track along the grooves and make collection more difficult. Correct adult capillary collection requires site warming when needed, antisepsis, complete drying, appropriate lancet depth, wiping away the first drop when required, and avoiding excessive squeezing. Reference topics: Routine Blood Collections; dermal puncture; adult capillary site selection; lancet orientation; microcollection technique.
22. Frage
A phlebotomist has just performed quality control measurements on a glucose monitor. The values exceed the acceptable limits. Which of the following actions should the phlebotomist take?
Antwort: C
Begründung:
When glucose monitor quality control values exceed acceptable limits, the phlebotomist should perform the manufacturer's recommended actions. Out-of-range QC means the instrument, strips, controls, operator technique, storage conditions, or environmental factors may be unreliable. Patient testing should not proceed until the problem is corrected and QC results return to acceptable range according to the device instructions and facility procedure. Cleaning the monitor may be part of troubleshooting, but it is not automatically the complete or correct response unless the manufacturer's protocol identifies contamination as the cause. Replacing batteries may be appropriate only if the device indicates low power or the manufacturer's instructions direct it. Documenting the values is necessary, but documentation alone does not correct the failed QC or validate patient results. The correct professional action is to follow the device-specific troubleshooting and QC procedure, repeat controls when indicated, remove defective materials from use, and notify the appropriate supervisor if unresolved. NHA CPT competencies include point-of-care testing, quality control, CLIA-waived testing, equipment maintenance, and accurate documentation. Reference topics: Special Collections; point-of-care glucose testing; quality control; manufacturer instructions.
23. Frage
Which of the following actions should a phlebotomist take to identify a patient who was admitted to a facility?
Antwort: A
Begründung:
For an admitted patient, the phlebotomist should check the patient's identification band. Inpatient identification depends on matching the patient's wristband to the requisition or collection order using required identifiers, commonly full name and date of birth or medical record number. Stating the patient's name and date of birth for the patient to confirm is weaker because it allows passive agreement and does not require the patient to actively provide identifiers. Using the medical chart alone is not sufficient because charts can be misplaced, opened to the wrong patient, or outdated. Comparing the wristband to bedside equipment is also unsafe because equipment stickers may be incorrect, moved, or not patient-specific enough to serve as the primary identifier. The correct process protects against wrong-patient collection, mislabeling, transfusion risk, diagnostic error, and specimen rejection. Reference topics: Patient Preparation; inpatient identification; wristband verification; two patient identifiers; requisition matching; specimen labeling. NHA places patient identification and preparation procedures under core CPT exam domains.
24. Frage
A phlebotomist is performing a glucose tolerance test. Which of the following actions should the phlebotomist take after the patient drinks the glucose solution?
Antwort: A
Begründung:
After the patient drinks the glucose solution, the phlebotomist should start timing according to the test protocol. Glucose tolerance testing depends on strict timed specimen collection after ingestion of a measured glucose load. If timing is inaccurate, the results may be invalid or misleading. The patient should not eat crackers because additional food intake can alter glucose results. Exercise should also be avoided unless specifically directed because physical activity can affect glucose metabolism. Collecting all remaining specimens immediately defeats the purpose of the timed test, which evaluates the body's glucose response over defined intervals. The phlebotomist must verify fasting status, collect the baseline specimen if required, ensure the patient consumes the glucose solution within the allowed time, document the time finished, and collect subsequent specimens at exact ordered intervals. If the patient vomits, eats, leaves, or misses a timed draw, the phlebotomist should follow facility policy and notify appropriate personnel. Reference topics: Special Collections; glucose tolerance testing; timed specimens; patient preparation; test protocol compliance.
25. Frage
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