L4M2専門知識、L4M2テスト難易度

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CIPS L4M2 Exam Syllabus Topics:

Section	Weight	Objectives
Market management in procurement and supply	20-25%	- Evaluate market information sources 1. Industry reports, government data, trade journals 2. Supplier intelligence and market research - Analyse market structures and competition 1. Perfect competition, monopoly, oligopoly, monopolistic competition 2. Impact of market structure on procurement strategies - Assess market forces and trends 1. Supply and demand dynamics 2. Global vs local market conditions 3. Technological, legal, economic, social factors
Devise a business case for requirements sourced externally	20-25%	- Influence of business needs on procurement decisions 1. Procurement's role in developing business cases 2. Impact of business needs on purchase types 3. Types of purchase: new, modified rebuy, straight re-buy - Interpret financial budgets for purchase control 1. Cash flow and cost entries 2. Budget performance and variance management 3. Purpose and structure of budgets - Criteria for creating business cases 1. Benchmarking requirements 2. Costs, benefits, options, alignment, timescales - Estimate costs and prices for procurement activities 1. Cost estimation and budgeting methods 2. Direct and indirect costs 3. Market data sources for cost/price information 4. Total cost of ownership / whole life costing
Stakeholder management in defining needs	15-20%	- Communicate and consult with stakeholders 1. Resolving conflicting requirements 2. Methods for gathering requirements - Align needs with organisational objectives 1. Strategic alignment and value contribution - Identify and classify stakeholders 1. Internal vs external stakeholders 2. Power/interest matrix and engagement strategies
Use specifications in procurement and supply	20-25%	- Types of specifications 1. Conformance vs performance specifications 2. Drawings, samples, brands, technical standards 3. Output/outcome-based specifications - Advantages and limitations of specification types 1. Risk, cost, flexibility, supplier innovation impact - Sources for developing specifications 1. Suppliers, industry benchmarks, regulatory requirements 2. Internal stakeholders, technical experts, standards bodies
Legal and regulatory considerations	10-15%	- Sustainability and ethical requirements 1. Environmental, social, ethical criteria - Legislation affecting requirements definition 1. Procurement regulations, competition law, standards

>> L4M2専門知識 <<

注目の新資格 L4M2 の問題集

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CIPS Defining Business Needs 認定 L4M2 試験問題 (Q305-Q310):

質問 # 305
Which of the following are typical environmental considerations throughout the contract life cycle? Select the TWO that apply.

A. Modern slavery
B. Pollution control
C. Waste management
D. Inequality
E. Health and safety

正解：B、C

解説：
All procurement has some level of impact on the environment that needs to be minimised to ensure sustainable procurement practices.
The greatest opportunity to influence environmental outcomes is by selecting products and services with the least ongoing environmental impacts, such as use of water, electricity and fuel, waste/disposal management, and impact on human health over the life of the product or service.
Lifecycle stages that impact on the environment:
Diagram Description automatically generated

Most goods and services will have an element of environment impact in a number of areas. The five main impact areas are listed in the following table.
Graphical user interface, text, application, email Description automatically generated

Source: Buying for Victoria

質問 # 306
When making a business case, the proposal has to consider financial costs, non-financial costs and opportunity costs. What is an opportunity cost?

A. The cost of lost opportunities because of operational disruption or reputational damage
B. The expenditure incurred by investing m costly and opportunistic ventures such as mergers
C. Opportunity foregone by choosing to spend on one option instead of the other
D. Opportunistic expenditure incurred in speculative Activities such is auctions

正解：C

質問 # 307
Which of the following is the process for improving the value of a new product or service?

A. Planning and design
B. Value engineering
C. Value analysis
D. Porter's Five Forces

正解：B

解説：
Value Engineering (VE) is concerned with new products. It is applied during product development. The focus is on reducing costs, improving function or both, by way of teamwork-based product evaluation and analysis. This takes place before any capital is invested in tooling, plant or equipment.
This is very significant, because according to many reports, up to 80% of a product's costs (throughout the rest of its life-cycle), are locked in at the design development stage. This is under-standable when you consider the design of any product determines many factors, such as tooling, plant and equipment, labour and skills, training costs, materials, shipping, installation, maintenance, as well as decommissioning and recycle costs.
Reference:
LO 3, AC 3.4

質問 # 308
A supplier of software has received a request to quote for a product. The software supplier considers that the buying organisation making the request provides relatively little benefit or alignment to their own strategy. Which one of the following options describes how the supplier might react to the buyer?

A. The supplier will seek to exploit the situation and drive a high price
B. The supplier will provide the buyer with attractive additional software support benefits
C. The supplier will seek to offer the lowest price possible
D. The supplier will attempt to foster a strategic relationship with the buyer

正解：A

解説：
Detailed Explanation:
When the buyer does not align with the supplier's strategic interests, the supplier may take advantage by charging higher prices to compensate for the perceived lack of value. This approach maximizes the supplier's benefit from a transactional relationship. Reference: CIPS Level 4, Supplier Engagement and Negotiation Strategies.

質問 # 309
A procurement manager decided to use a conformance specification in a request for quotation (RFQ) for the manufacturing of a specialist item designed by their company. The company does not have the capability to manufacture the item in-house, but requires the item to be made to their detailed specification. Was this the correct thing to do?

A. No, as it means that the chosen supplier will not be able to use their expertise and knowledge to manufacture the item
B. No, as the item will be of non-standard construction and will not be able to be used by other competitors
C. Yes, as it means that the company will get exactly what it has specified and meets its specific requirements
D. Yes, as it means that the company will be able to get the most cost-effective price for the item from the chosen supplier

正解：C

解説：
Detailed Explanation:Conformance specifications are appropriate when the buyer has precise requirements that must be met. This ensures the final product aligns perfectly with the company's needs, even if it limits supplier flexibility. Reference: CIPS Level 4, Conformance Specification in Procurement.

質問 # 310
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