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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Topic 1: Sourcing Process & Supplier Management | 25% | - Stages of strategic sourcing
|
| Topic 2: Whole Life Asset & Cost Management | 25% | - Total cost of ownership concept
|
| Topic 3: Ethics, Responsibility & Compliance | 25% | - Ethical and responsible sourcing application
|
| Topic 4: Application of Procurement Cycle | 25% | - Key stages of procurement cycle in practice
|
多くの大学生、多くの労働者、さらに多くの主婦など、L4M8試験に合格するために最善を尽くす人が増えています。 L4M8試験に合格したいこれらの人々は、試験を自分自身を向上させ、大きな進歩を遂げる唯一の機会と考えています。そのため、彼らはL4M8試験の準備に全力を尽くすことを望んでいますが、多くの人が重要なL4M8試験の準備に十分な時間がないことは明らかです。 L4M8試験の質問は、最小限の時間と労力でL4M8試験に合格するのに役立ちます。
質問 # 176
Which products or services should not be considered for outsourcing, according to Carter's out-sourcing matrix
正解：
解説：
See the answer in explanation.
Explanation:
Carters outsource matrix is a useful tool that procurement professionals uses to decide which products or services has a high or low contribution to the organization operation performance and its strategic importance.
The matrix segments products/services into four quadrants. These are Eliminate, outsource, strategic alliance and retain.
According to Carters outsource matrix, all product/services that has a high strategic importance should not be outsourced. They should rather be retained in house or carefully chose suitable sup-pliers and go into strategic alliance.
質問 # 177
Describe the seven stages of the Tender Process and explain the reasons why the stages must be followed.
正解：
解説：
The purpose of the tendering process is to invite potential suppliers to bid to supply a product or service to the buying organization. Then buying organization select suitable suppliers, award con-tract and manage. The process is selected mostly when the need is a large or complex project or the law mandates it or it is in the company's policies to do so. The stages of the tendering process includes; Stage 1: decide which style of tender to use. There are four types of tendering used within pro-curement and this include; 1) open 2) Restricted 3) Negotiated 4) Competitive Dialogue Stage 2: Prepare invitation to tender (ITT): this stage is to prepare the document that will be made available to potential supplier. It should contain everything potential bidders will need to know to fully understand the need and to prepare and send a suitable RESPONSE it may likely in-clude; open letter, company details, overview of a project, evaluation criteria, submission date and so on.
Stage 3: send ITT: With fairness, transparency and equality, buyer will provide the documents to all potential suppliers at the same time and also provide exactly the same information/documents to all suppliers. If after receiving the ITT and some suppliers seek clarifications on anything in the documentation, buyers must give same response to identical questions to keep the process transparent and fair. Also, the response to each query to all bidders in the process.
Failure to this may result in bidders who feel disadvantaged or discriminated in any form to submit a legal challenge. Supplier submitting a Legal challenge may cause delay in the process and eventually increase administrative cost for the buyer.
Stage 4: Buying organization receives responses to the Invitation to tender from suppliers (bids). Suppliers must adhere to the bid submission dead line included in the invitation to tender document. Any bid that arrives after the deadline must be left out of the process, or else this may result to other suppliers legally challenging the process.
Stage 5: Evaluate bid. The buying organization can now evaluate the bids based on the criteria in the ITT document. It is always thorough that cross-functional team evaluates the bids to guarantee complete fairness and ensure that the chosen bid is fit for purpose. In evaluating the bids, the cross-functional team will consider the bids in the following areas; supplier organization, ethics, price, sustainability, quality, payment, disposal, service level, location, warranty and risk.
Stage 6: Award contract and give feedback hence the buying organization wards the contract to the winning supplier. This can take place by a formal communication like a letter or an e-mail.
Stage 7: Contract management. Contracts must be evaluated against the criteria in the invitation to tender.
The reasons why these stages must be followed includes;
1. Knowing the right TYPE of tender to use, reduces administration cost, for example, deciding to do restricted tendering to reduce the interest that are going to be sent in have already cut down on administrative cost.
2. The supplier can know what exactly the buyer's intentions are by developing description and the required specification.
3. To ensure that objectives of resorting to use the tendering style and the tendering process is achieved
4. To ensure that the organization generates added value by going through the stages.
5. To ensure that there are none unethical issues like fraud, bribes etc are not part of the system.
6. To ensure that the tendering process becomes transparent to all suppliers. These stages must be followed for transparency and fairness. Just like in stage 3: buyer send out the ITT to potential suppliers at the same time and providing them same information. Failure to this and bidders who feel disadvantaged or discriminated in any form may submit a legal challenge. Supplier submitting a Legal challenge may cause delay in the process and eventually increase administrative cost for the buyer.
質問 # 178
Describe two negative factors associated with ordering excess inventory.
正解：
解説：
See the answer in explanation.
Explanation:
In the decision to not run out of supplies, organizations can anticipate a peak were by it products will be in a high demand or a period of scarcity of raw materials and may want to increase the in-ventory. However, if this forecast is not accurate, it may lead the organization to holding excess inventory. This can expose the organization to some negative factors.
Acquisition Cost: The organization will incur an acquisition cost for the excess inventory which is inclusive of the cost of placing the order and the cost of purchasing the goods.
Holding Cost: The organization will spend more money holding the stock, trying to keep it in good condition by providing the required light, temperature, skilled handlers and so on.
Working Capital not adding value: This will off shoot the holding cost. Also valuable working capital in excess stock which in the time not adding value, can affect the liquidity of the business. This is also an opportunity cost and increase solvency.
質問 # 179
What do STEEPLE and SWOT stand for?
正解：
解説：
After a need in an organization has been identified/understood, defined, justified and authorized, the next stages are to understand how commodity prices are reacting, which suppliers are available and their strength. The make or buy decision can be reached with knowledge from this; the procurement professional can consider the organization external environment, strength, weakness opportunity and threat to develop strategy/plan of how to achieve the procurement.
'STEEPLE' is an effective way to evaluate the external environment. It helps buyers to assess factors that could affect the need in hand and helps them to develop the plan accordingly. 'STEEPLE' is an acronym which stands for, Social, Technology, Economic, Environment, Political, Legal, Ethical
'SWOT' helps the organization to analyze its strength and within the organization and the oppor-tunity and threats outside the organization.
'SWOT' is an acronym which stands for, strength, weakness, opportunity and threats.
質問 # 180
Create a list of assets of a company with which you're familiar and divide them into standard and bespoke categorizing.
正解：
解説：
See the answer in explanation.
Explanation:
Name of company: Full power projects
Business: Project management training and consultancy
If an organization is sourcing an asset that is readily available or mass produced then the cost associated with the design and manufacturing will be lower percentage of the total cost than if an organization commissions a bespoke piece of equipment to be designed and manufactured.
The following are a list of assets owned by fullpower projects.
Standard/off the shelf (Mass produced)
Projector from a shop-displayed files and document jackets from market
Desks and furniture
Bespoke/specialist - white board and marker
With extra, e.g. made with company color
Gift/ sovereign (bags and T. shirt) with coup any label, color and design Refer to the question column for response
質問 # 181
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最近の数年間で、IT領域の継続的な発展と成長に従って、L4M8認証試験はもうCIPS試験のマイルストーンになりました。CIPSのL4M8「Procurement and Supply in Practice」の認証試験はあなたがIT分野のプロフェッショナルになることにヘルプを差し上げます。CIPSのL4M8の試験問題を提供するウェブが何百ありますが、なぜ受験生は殆どTech4Examを選んだのですか。それはTech4ExamにはIT領域のエリートたちが組み立てられた団体があります。その団体はCIPSのL4M8の認証試験の最新の資料に専攻して、あなたが気楽にCIPSのL4M8の認証試験に合格するためにがんばっています。Tech4Examは初めにCIPSのL4M8の認証試験を受けるあなたが一回で成功することを保証します。Tech4Examはいつまでもあなたのそばにいて、あなたと一緒に苦楽を共にするのです。
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