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| Section | Objectives |
|---|---|
| Networking & Internet Fundamentals | - Network Devices
|
| Computer Hardware & Software Fundamentals | - Computer Components
|
| IT Roles, Governance & Professional Practices | - Governance & Processes
|
| Cybersecurity & Emerging Technologies | - Emerging Tech & Ethics
|
| Data, Databases & Information Systems | - Data Concepts
|
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NEW QUESTION # 12
Which aspect of the CIA Triad requires that data are correct?
Answer: D
Explanation:
1.Integrity: This principle focuses on maintaining the accuracy and trustworthiness of data. It ensures that data remains unaltered and free from corruption. Key points related to integrity:
oData Accuracy: Integrity ensures that data reflects the true state of information. Any unauthorized changes or alterations are detected and prevented.
oHash Functions: Hash functions are commonly used to verify data integrity. These functions generate a fixed-size hash value (checksum) based on the original data. If any part of the data changes, the hash value will also change, indicating potential tampering.
oDigital Signatures: Digital signatures provide a way to verify the integrity of electronic documents. They use asymmetric encryption to sign data, ensuring that it has not been altered since the signature was applied.
oData Validation: Implementing input validation and proper access controls helps maintain data integrity by preventing unauthorized modifications.
2.Confidentiality and Availability:
oConfidentiality: This principle ensures that only authorized users can access sensitive data. It focuses on keeping information private and restricting access.
oAvailability: Availability ensures that authorized users can access data when needed. It prevents data from being unavailable due to system failures, attacks, or other disruptions.
3.Balancing the Triad:
oWhile all three principles are essential, they can sometimes conflict with each other. For example:
Enhancing confidentiality (e.g., strong encryption) may impact availability (e.g., longer decryption times).
Rigorous integrity checks can affect system performance.
oOrganizations must strike a balance based on their specific security requirements.
References
*CSO Online: The CIA triad: Definition, components, and examples
*Comparitech: What is the CIA triad - confidentiality, integrity, and availability?
*Preventive Approach: CIA Triad: A Comprehensive Guide for Beginners
NEW QUESTION # 13
Which securely best practice designates specific persons who are authorized to view and edit particular parts of a database system?
Answer: A
Explanation:
*Role-based access control (RBAC) is a securely best practice that designates specific persons who are authorized to view and edit particular parts of a database system.
*In RBAC, access permissions are assigned based on predefined roles or job functions within an organization.
*Here's how RBAC works:
1.Roles: Define roles based on job responsibilities (e.g., administrator, manager, user).
2.Permissions: Assign specific permissions (read, write, execute) to each role.
3.Users: Associate users with roles.
4.Access Control: Users inherit permissions from their assigned roles.
*Benefits of RBAC:
oGranularity: Allows fine-grained control over access rights.
oScalability: Easily manage access for large user bases.
oSecurity: Reduces the risk of unauthorized access.
*Example: An employee in the HR department might have read-only access to employee records, while an administrator has full editing rights.
*RBAC ensures that only authorized individuals can access specific data or perform certain actions within the database system.
References:
1.Vertabelo: Top 11 Best Practices for Database Design
2.Stack Overflow: Best Practice for Designing User Roles and Permission System
3.Resmo: 9 Access Control Best Practices
4.RedSwitches: Database Security in DBMS
5.LinkedIn: How to Choose a Database System: Best Practices
1: Vertabelo: Top 11 Best Practices for Database Design 2: Stack Overflow: Best Practice for Designing User Roles and Permission System 3: Resmo: 9 Access Control Best Practices 4: RedSwitches: Database Security in DBMS 5: LinkedIn: How to Choose a Database System: Best Practices
NEW QUESTION # 14
An Instructor delivers a quiz to the students in a class, assigns a grade to each quiz, and determines the minimum, maximum, and average grade. When the quizzes are returned, the students receive the average differential for each grade.
Which content is considered data in this scenario?
Answer: C
Explanation:
In this scenario, the grade for each quiz is considered data. Each student's specific score represents a discrete piece of information, and collectively, these individual grades form the dataset that the instructor analyzes to calculate the minimum, maximum, and average grades1. The other options (average differential, minimum and maximum grade for all quizzes, and average grade for all quizzes) are derived metrics or summaries based on this raw data2.
NEW QUESTION # 15
One database field needs to be restricted to only those values that are single alphanumeric symbols. Which data type should be used?
Answer: A
Explanation:
A field restricted to single alphanumeric symbols should use the character data type because it is designed to store exactly one character. Alphanumeric symbols include letters A through Z and digits 0 through 9, and these are naturally represented as individual characters. In Information Technology and database systems, selecting a character type allows the designer to enforce a fixed length of one, which helps maintain data integrity by preventing longer entries. An integer type is used for whole numbers and would not properly handle letters, while floating point is for decimal values and is also inappropriate for single symbols. A character string type can store multiple characters, which would allow inputs longer than one symbol unless additional constraints are applied. Using the character type is therefore the most direct and standard approach for storing one letter or digit, such as a middle initial, a grade code, or a single-character category label.
Therefore, the correct data type is character.
NEW QUESTION # 16
When would a business intelligence (BI) system be useful in making a decision?
Answer: C
Explanation:
A BI system shines in this scenario because it leverages the power of data from various sources and turns that into actionable insights:
*Customer Sentiment Analysis: BI systems can incorporate natural language processing to analyze customer reviews, gauging sentiment and preferences towards organic food. Trends and patterns can be identified.
*Cost Analysis: BI can pull in data on ingredient costs (organic vs. conventional), preparing a comprehensive analysis of how switching to more organic food would impact operational expenses.
*Decision Support: By combining customer sentiment, cost analysis, and potentially market trends (through external data integration), a BI system can provide a holistic view of the trade-offs and the potential impact of increasing organic food usage.
NEW QUESTION # 17
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