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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Topic 1: Surgical Nursing | 13% | - Wound management, suture materials and techniques - Intraoperative and postoperative care - Surgical preparation, instrumentation, aseptic technique |
| Topic 2: Dentistry | 7% | - Periodontal care and patient education - Dental anatomy, disease recognition - Dental cleaning, polishing, radiography |
| Topic 3: Pain Management / Analgesia | 7% | - Pain assessment, pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic control - Multimodal analgesia protocols |
| Topic 4: Laboratory Procedures | 9% | - Parasitology, microbiology, cytology - Sample collection, handling and processing - Hematology, clinical chemistry, urinalysis |
| Topic 5: Animal Care and Nursing | 20% | - Husbandry, nutrition, fluid therapy - Specialized care for exotic, large or neonatal patients - Infection control, sanitation, isolation - Physical examination, patient assessment |
| Topic 6: Communication and Veterinary Professional Support Services | 5% | - Practice management, team collaboration - Medical records, ethics, legal and regulatory compliance - Client education, communication techniques |
| Topic 7: Emergency Medicine / Critical Care | 7% | - Toxicology, trauma, first aid procedures - Triage, shock, respiratory/cardiac emergencies |
| Topic 8: Pharmacy and Pharmacology | 13% | - Controlled substance management - Anatomy, physiology, pathophysiology related to agents - Drug classification, dosage calculation, administration routes - Preparation, dispensing, storage, safety and disposal |
| Topic 9: Anesthesia | 13% | - Recovery and emergency management - Anesthetic agents, equipment, monitoring - Pre-anesthetic assessment and preparation |
| Topic 10: Diagnostic Imaging | 6% | - Radiography: positioning, safety, technique - Ultrasound, other imaging modalities - Image quality assessment and documentation |
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NEW QUESTION # 205
A client doesn't comprehend what cancer truly is, and along with discussing the medications going home with the pet, you go over the fundamental characteristics of cancer, in other words, what cancer does in the body that allows it to take hold.
All of the following are characteristics of cancer cells, except:
Answer: B
Explanation:
In layman's terms, you will need to discuss the following with the client. As you discuss each point, make sure they understand your meaning before moving on to the next characteristic. Any cell in the body could become cancerous and divide unchecked. What causes these cells to become cancerous is multifactorial.
Cancer cells:
*Stimulate their own growth
*They are insensitive to normal inhibitory cell signals that could help to stop their growth
*Evade the cell's own programmed cell death (apoptosis)
*They can multiply without letting up
*They invade local tissues but can also spread to faraway sites
*They can stimulate blood vessel growth from which the cells gain further nutrition to continue growing
*They follow abnormal metabolic pathways
*They elude the body's standard defense mechanisms (immune system)
By understanding what is occurring in the animal's body to cause this cancer, the client may better understand therapy, recommendations for treatment, and other factors associated with the pet's care moving forward.
NEW QUESTION # 206
You will be assisting the board-certified dentist who plans to do several endodontic procedures today. Which of the following would not be considered endodontic instrumentation and materials?
Answer: C
Explanation:
Commonly used endodontic materials and instruments would include all of the following:
*High-speed handpiece and burs
*Barbed broaches
*Restorative materials and instruments
*Dental radiography (Also used for routine dental evaluations and cleanings)
*Rubber stops
*Endodontic rulers
*Canal lubricant, irrigant, and irrigation needles
*College pliers
*Paper points
*Zinc Oxide, eugenol
*Gutta-percha points
*Glass slab, mixing spatula
*10:1 reduction gear contra-angle
*Pluggers and spreadeers
*Lentulo, paste fillers
*Heating instruments
Periodontal probes are used at every stage of dental work but are not specific to endodontic work. They are used to evaluate the gingival sulcus depth to assess for gingival hyperplasia, recession, or other abnormalities.
NEW QUESTION # 207
In small animal medicine, euthanasia is never an easy decision for anyone to make, even if it seems to be the only obvious course of action to you. For patients with chronic conditions, those with diseases that require treatment but owners cannot afford therapy or choose not to do the long-term treatment, or generally, with an aging pet, discussing the quality of life with owners is always good before the pet is overtly suffering. Many scoring systems exist that can be used. Sometimes you can talk to owners about things like appetite, playing with their favorite toys, wagging their tail, or coming to greet you. But many owners need something measurable and tangible that helps them to truly process how their pets are doing.
When using the HHHHHMM Quality of Life Scale, what score would be considered an adequate level of quality of life?
Answer: D
Explanation:
One Quality of Life Scale (QoL) used in veterinary medicine discusses 7 Hs and 2 Ms. Each category is scored from 0 to 10. Zero is unacceptable, and ten is excellent.
*HURT: Are pets in pain, or is pain control appropriately managed? Are the patients breathing properly?
*HUNGER: Is the pet eating enough? Is hand-feeding or tube-feeding required?
*HYDRATION: Does the pet remain hydrated or frequently become dehydrated? Does the pet require daily or twice-daily subcutaneous fluids?
*HYGIENE: Does the pet need frequent brushing? (mats regularly, not grooming appropriately for cats) Does the pet need wiping after urination/defecation? Do they have accidents?
*HAPPINESS: Does the pet express interest or joy in general activities? Does the pet engage and react to the environment? Does the pet greet you as always? Does the pet show increased levels of fear, anxiety, or restlessness?
*MOBILITY: Can the pet get up and down without aid? Do dogs want to go for walks or play ball if that is their thing? Is the pet stumbling often, falling, dragging a limb, or having seizures or collapse episodes?
*MORE GOOD THAN BAD: Do the bad days outnumber the good? When this occurs, euthanasia really needs to be considered.
Each of those categories should receive a score. Owners can do it daily, weekly, or monthly, depending on the severity of illness or cognitive decline. Each category is scored 0-10; when added together, the total available points are 70. A score of 35 is considered reasonable, and the pet can be monitored and go from there.
NEW QUESTION # 208
How is parenteral feeding administered?
Answer: A
Explanation:
Parenteral nutrition is administered through intravenous infusion. Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) includes all the micronutrients, dextrose, amino acids, and lipids an animal needs to survive. Partial parenteral nutrition (PPN) contains some of these components and is typically focused on short-term energy needs.
Enteral feeding involves eating normally or by any tube that uses a portion of the gastrointestinal tract. Tubes are named by their entry and terminus. For example, a nasoesophageal tube enters through the nose and terminates in the esophagus.
NEW QUESTION # 209
Neuroleptanalgesic drug combinations are generally used for their sedation and analgesia properties. Which of the following drug classes, when combined with an opioid, would not describe neuroleptanalgesia?
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 210
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