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NEW QUESTION # 135
A FortiGate administrator is troubleshooting a VPN that is failing to establish.
As a first step, the administrator is attempting to sniff the traffic using the command:
# diagnose sniffer packet any ''udp port 500 or udp port 4500 or esp'' 4 After several minutes there is still no output. What is the most Likely reason for this?
Answer: D
Explanation:
The administrator is running a packet sniffer with the filter 'udp port 500 or udp port 4500 or esp'. The result is "no output," even though the VPN is attempting to establish (failing).
A . The VPN is configured to use IKE over TCP:
Standard IPsec IKE negotiation uses UDP port 500 (IKE) and UDP port 4500 (NAT-T).
However, if IKEv2 over TCP (RFC 8229) or Fortinet's proprietary IKE over TCP is configured (often used to bypass firewalls that block UDP), the traffic will use TCP (often port 4500 or 443).
The sniffer filter explicitly looks for udp or esp (IP Protocol 50).
If the traffic is encapsulated in TCP, it matches tcp protocol, not udp or esp (raw ESP). Therefore, the sniffer sees zero packets matching the filter.
Why other options are incorrect:
B: esp is a valid argument for diagnose sniffer packet. It is equivalent to filtering for IP protocol 50.
C: If the ISP were blocking traffic, the sniffer (running on the local FortiGate) would still see the outbound packets generated by the FortiGate trying to initiate the connection. "No output" implies the local device isn't even generating packets matching that filter.
D: Mismatched IKE versions would still generate IKE negotiation packets (proposals/errors) that would be captured by the sniffer.
Reference:
FortiGate Security 7.6 Study Guide (IPsec VPN): "IKEv2 over TCP is available for environments where UDP 500/4500 is blocked. When enabled, IKE and ESP packets are encapsulated in TCP headers."
NEW QUESTION # 136
Refer to the exhibit, which shows a truncated output of a real-time LDAP debug.
What two conclusions can you draw from the output? (Choose two.)
Answer: B,C
Explanation:
According to Fortinet's LDAP authentication workflow as described in the FortiOS Administration Guide and the official LDAP debug log interpretation, each authentication attempt is split into several key steps: Bind Request, Search Request, and then, if successful, a Bind as the found user DN. In the provided debug output, we see "start search_dn-base" with a filter "sAMAccountName=jsmith" and the log line "Going to SEARCH state," confirming that FortiOS is in the second step-the Search Request (Option D). Official documentation highlights this exact phrase "SEARCH state" as indicative of Step 2 within the LDAP process ("Bind # Search # Bind").
Additionally, the last line "Found DN 1: CN=John Smith, CN=Users, DC=TAC, DC=ottawa, DC=fortinet, DC=com" verifies that the system has successfully mapped the username to the Distinguished Name (DN) and this user is "John Smith." The authentication will now proceed using this mapped user (Option B).
Fortinet's logs record the found DN after a successful search, which is a strong confirmation that the user's credentials can be validated against the found DN.
Options A and C are not supported directly by the debug output shown:
The server name "Lab" is referenced as part of the request, but not explicitly as the LDAP server's configured name in this output.
Step 3 (Bind Request) would follow finding the DN, but the log here demonstrates the Search and DN found- per Fortinet, this precedes the actual Bind/validation step.
References:
FortiOS Administration Guide: LDAP Authentication Process and Debug Logs Fortinet Official KB: LDAP Integration Workflow and Log Interpretation
NEW QUESTION # 137
Refer to the exhibit.
A partial output of diagnose npu up6 port-list on FortiGate 2000E is shown.
An administrator is unable to analyze traffic flowing between port1 and port17 using the diagnose sniffer command.
Which two commands allow the administrator to view the traffic? (Choose two.)
Answer: A,B
Explanation:
The administrator cannot see traffic in the sniffer because it is being offloaded to the NPU (NP6). To view the traffic, offloading must be disabled so packets pass through the CPU.
B). config firewall policy ... set auto-asic-offload disable: This is the recommended method to troubleshoot specific traffic. By disabling ASIC offloading in the relevant firewall policies (Policies 5 and 17 in the exhibit), traffic is forced to the CPU and becomes visible to the sniffer.
C). diagnose npu np6 fastpath disable 1: This command temporarily disables the fastpath processing on the specific NP6 processor (ID 1) handling the ports. This forces all traffic handled by that NPU to the CPU, allowing the sniffer to capture it.
Incorrect Options: Option A uses invalid syntax (port-list disable is not a valid command). Option D (config system npu) is not the standard method for granular troubleshooting.
NEW QUESTION # 138
Refer to the exhibits,
which show the configuration on FortiGate and partial session information for internet traffic from a user on the internal network. If the priority on route ID 2 were changed from 10 to 0, what would happen to traffic matching that user session? (Choose one answer)
Answer: C
Explanation:
The correct answer is A . This behavior is dictated by the configuration command set snat-route-change enable shown in Exhibit 1 under config system global.
* Routing Change: By changing the priority of route ID 2 from 10 to 0, it becomes lower than route ID 1 (priority 5). In FortiOS, a lower priority value indicates a more preferred route. Consequently, the active route for the destination changes from port1 to port2 .
* SNAT Implication: The existing session (shown in Exhibit 2) is using Source NAT (SNAT) with the IP address associated with port1 (10.200.1.1). If the traffic were simply switched to port2 , the source IP would be incorrect for that interface and the return traffic would likely fail or be dropped.
* snat-route-change enable: This specific setting instructs the FortiGate on how to handle established SNAT sessions when a routing change occurs that alters the preferred outgoing interface. When enabled, if a route change forces an SNAT session to a new interface, FortiGate flushes (deletes) the session from the session table. This is necessary because a live TCP session cannot survive a change in its source IP address. The client must initiate a new session, which will then be created using the new correct route (port2) and the corresponding new SNAT IP.
If this setting were disabled, the session would likely remain " sticky " to the original interface (port1) until it closed, provided the route still existed. However, the explicit configuration forces the deletion.
NEW QUESTION # 139
Refer to the exhibit.
The exhibit shows a session entry. Which statement about this TCP session is true?
Answer: D
Explanation:
The correct answer is C. The session is offloaded using NPU .
The exact session example in the study guide shows:
* proto=6 # this is a TCP session
* expire=3599 # the session will expire in 3599 seconds , not in one second
* hook=post dir=org act=snat 10.9.31.117:45388- > 200.8.57.5:443(10.1.0.3:45388)
* hook=pre dir=reply act=dnat 200.8.57.5:443- > 10.1.0.3:45388(10.9.31.117:45388)
* npu info: ... offload=8/8 ...
* and the slide explicitly states: "Offloaded in both directions using NP6" The study guide also explains this exact point clearly:
"Counters for hardware acceleration-The presence of the npu info field indicates the session has been offloaded to hardware acceleration. In this example, traffic is being offloaded in both directions using network processor (NP) 6, which is represented by the value of 8." Why the other options are wrong:
* A is wrong because expire=3599, not 1. The duration=1 field means the session has existed for 1 second, not that it will expire in 1 second.
* B is wrong because the original session is from 10.9.31.117 to the remote server 200.8.57.5:443. The IP 10.1.0.3 is the SNAT-translated source address , not the final destination.
* D is not the best answer for this single-select question . The reply is indeed DNATed back toward the original client, but the exact validated takeaway highlighted by the study guide for this exhibit is the NPU offload state .
NEW QUESTION # 140
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