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NEW QUESTION # 201
A product development team has submitted code snippets for review prior to release.
INSTRUCTIONS
Analyze the code snippets, and then select one vulnerability, and one fix for each code snippet.
Code Snippet 1
Code Snippet 2
Vulnerability 1:
SQL injection
Cross-site request forgery
Server-side request forgery
Indirect object reference
Cross-site scripting
Fix 1:
Perform input sanitization of the userid field.
Perform output encoding of queryResponse,
Ensure usex:ia belongs to logged-in user.
Inspect URLS and disallow arbitrary requests.
Implementanti-forgery tokens.
Vulnerability 2
1) Denial of service
2) Command injection
3) SQL injection
4) Authorization bypass
5) Credentials passed via GET
Fix 2
A) Implement prepared statements and bind
variables.
B) Remove the serve_forever instruction.
C) Prevent the "authenticated" value from being overridden by a GET parameter.
D) HTTP POST should be used for sensitive parameters.
E) Perform input sanitization of the userid field.
Answer:
Explanation:
See the solution below in explanation.
Explanation:
Code Snippet 1
Vulnerability 1: SQL injection
SQL injection is a type of attack that exploits a vulnerability in the code that interacts with a database. An attacker can inject malicious SQL commands into the input fields, such as username or password, and execute them on the database server. This can result in data theft, data corruption, or unauthorized access.
Fix 1: Perform input sanitization of the userid field.
Input sanitization is a technique that prevents SQL injection byvalidating and filtering the user input values before passing them to the database. The input sanitization should remove any special characters, such as quotes, semicolons, or dashes, that can alter the intended SQL query. Alternatively, the input sanitization can use a whitelist of allowed values and reject any other values.
Code Snippet 2
Vulnerability 2: Cross-site request forgery
Cross-site request forgery (CSRF) is a type of attack that exploits a vulnerability in the code that handles web requests. An attacker can trick a user into sending a malicious web request to a server that performs an action on behalf of the user, such as changing their password, transferring funds, or deleting data. This can result in unauthorized actions, data loss, or account compromise.
Fix 2: Implement anti-forgery tokens.
Anti-forgery tokens are techniques that prevent CSRF by adding a unique and secret value to each web request that is generated by the server and verified by the server before performing the action. The anti- forgery token should be different for each user and each session, and should not be predictable or reusable by an attacker. This way, only legitimate web requests from the user's browser can be accepted by the server.
NEW QUESTION # 202
An organization is looking for gaps in its detection capabilities based on the APTs that may target the industry. Which of the following should the security analyst use to perform threat modeling?
Answer: D
Explanation:
The ATT&CK (Adversarial Tactics, Techniques, and Common Knowledge) framework is the best tool for a security analyst to use for threat modeling when looking for gaps in detection capabilities based on Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs) that may target the industry.
Comprehensive Framework: ATT&CK provides a detailed and structured repository of known adversary tactics and techniques based on real-world observations. It helps organizations understand how attackers operate and what techniques they might use.
Gap Analysis: By mapping existing security controls against the ATT&CK matrix, analysts can identify which tactics and techniques are not adequately covered by current detection and mitigation measures.
Industry Relevance: The ATT&CK framework is continuously updated with the latest threat intelligence, making it highly relevant for industries facing APT threats. It provides insights into specific APT groups and their preferred methods of attack.
NEW QUESTION # 203
A security administrator wants to detect a potential forged sender claim in the envelope of an email. Which of the following should the security administrator implement? (Choose two).
Answer: B,F
Explanation:
SPF (Sender Policy Framework): Validates the envelope sender (MAIL FROM) by checking that the sending IP is authorized in the domain's SPF record, detecting forged return-path addresses.
DMARC (Domain-based Message Authentication, Reporting & Conformance): Builds on SPF (and DKIM) to enforce alignment between the authenticated envelope sender and the "From:" header, providing policy enforcement and reporting on any failures.
NEW QUESTION # 204
A company hired a third-party consultant to run a cybersecurity incident simulation in order to identify security gaps and prepare stakeholders for a potential incident. Which of the following best describes this activity?
Answer: B
Explanation:
A tabletop exercise is a discussion-based simulation where key stakeholders, including management and technical teams, gather to walk through a hypothetical cybersecurity incident.
The goal is to identify security gaps, assess response strategies, and prepare for real-world incidents. During this exercise, participants typically discuss their roles and decisions in handling the incident, but no actual systems are impacted.
NEW QUESTION # 205
An organization is deploying a new data lake that will centralize records from several applications. During the design phase, the security architect identifies the following requirements:
* The sensitivity levels of the data is different.
* The data must be accessed through stateless API calls after authentication.
* Different users will have access to different data sets.
Which of the following should the architect implement to best meet these requirements?
Answer: B
NEW QUESTION # 206
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